Keyword: cryogenics
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MOPB02 Cryogenic Systems for Optical Elements Cooling at Sirius/LNLS controls, optics, solenoid, vacuum 21
 
  • M. Saveri Silva, M.P. Calcanha, G.V. Claudiano, A.F.M. Fontoura, B.A. Francisco, L.M. Kofukuda, F.R. Lena, F. Meneau, G.B.Z.L. Moreno, G.L.M.P. Rodrigues, L. Sanfelici, H.C.N. Tolentino, L.M. Volpe
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
  • J.H. Řežende
    CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
 
  Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)
Sirius, the Brazilian 4th-generation light source at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), presents high-performance requirements in terms of preserving photon-beam quality, particularly regarding wavefront integrity and position stability. In this context, it is imperative that many silicon optical elements* be effectively cooled, such that temperatures and their control-related parameters can be precisely handled to the point in which thermal effects are acceptable concerning figure distortions and drifts at different timescales. For this class of precision equipment, the required performance can only be achieved with robust thermal management.** For this, relevant aspects related to the implementation of liquid nitrogen cooling systems need to be emphasized. Currently, two solutions are present at the first-phase beamlines, according to the component thermal load: (1) an in-house low-cost system for components under moderate loads (< 50 W), such as the mirror systems and the four-bounce monochromators, comprising a commercial cryostat connected to an instrumented vessel, whose level and pressure are controlled by the standard beamline automation system that can automatically feed it from a secondary service unit or a dedicated transfer line; (2) a commercial cryocooler for high-heat-load applications (50 - 3000 W), such as the double-crystal monochromators. This work presents the in-house solution: requirements, design aspects, operation range, as well as several discoveries and improvements deployed during the commissioning of the CATERETÊ and the CARNAÚBA beamlines, such as the prevention of ice formation, stabilization of both thermal load and flow-rate, and auto-filling parameters, among others.
*TOLENTINO. Innovative instruments (…) for the CARNAÚBA beamline at Sirius-LNLS. SRI (2018).
**VOLPE. Performance validation of the thermal model for optical components. Submit to MEDSI (2020)
 
poster icon Poster MOPB02 [2.364 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-MOPB02  
About • paper received ※ 25 July 2021       paper accepted ※ 13 October 2021       issue date ※ 09 November 2021  
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MOPB04 Four-Bounce Crystal Monochromators for the Sirius/LNLS Beamlines controls, alignment, synchrotron, experiment 29
 
  • M. Saveri Silva, L.M. Kofukuda, S.A.L. Luiz, A.P.S. Sotero, H.C.N. Tolentino, L.M. Volpe, G.S. de Albuquerque
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
  • L. Martins dos Santos, J.H. Řežende
    CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
 
  Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MCTI)
Beamlines of new 4th-generation machines present high-performance requirements in terms of preserving beam quality, in particular wavefront integrity and position stability at micro and nanoprobe stations. It brings about numerous efforts to cope with engineering challenges comprehending high thermal load, cooling strategy, crystal manufacturing, vibration sources, alignment and coupled motion control. This contribution presents the design and performance of a four-bounce silicon-crystal monochromator for the Sirius beamlines at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS), which is basically composed of two channel-cut crystals mounted on two goniometers that counter-rotate synchronously. The mechanical design ascertained the demands for the nanoprobe and coherent scattering beamlines - namely, CARNAÚBA and CATERETÊ - focusing on solutions to minimize misalignments among the parts, to grant high stiffness and to ensure that the thermal performance would not impair beam characteristics. Hence, all parts were carefully simulated, machined, and measured before assembling. This work details mechanical, thermal, diagnostics, and dynamic aspects of the instruments, from the design phase to their installation and initial commissioning at the beamlines.
 
poster icon Poster MOPB04 [3.518 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-MOPB04  
About • paper received ※ 25 July 2021       paper accepted ※ 30 August 2021       issue date ※ 06 November 2021  
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MOPB06 Installation and Commissioning of the Exactly-Constrained X-Ray Mirror Systems for Sirius/LNLS MMI, alignment, controls, optics 33
 
  • V.B. Zilli, C.S.N.C. Bueno, G.V. Claudiano, R.R. Geraldes, G.N. Kontogiorgos, F.R. Lena, S.A.L. Luiz, G.B.Z.L. Moreno, A.C. Pinto, G.L.M.P. Rodrigues, M.S. Souza, L.M. Volpe
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
 
  Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)
Innovative exactly-constrained thermo-mechanical de-signs for beamline X-ray mirrors have been developed since 2017 at the 4th-generation Sirius Light Source at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Due to the specific optical layouts of the beamlines, multiple systems cover a broad range of characteristics, including: power management from a few tens of mW to tens of W, via passive room-temperature operation, water cooling or indirect cryocooling using copper braids; mirror sizes ranging from 50 mm to more than 500 mm; mirrors with single or multiple optical stripes, with and without coat-ings; and internal mechanics with one or two degrees of freedom for optimized compromise between alignment features, with sub-100-nrad resolution, and high dynamic performance, with first resonances typically above 150 Hz. Currently, nearly a dozen of these in-house mirror systems is operational or in commissioning at 5 beam-lines at Sirius: MANACÁ, CATERETÊ, CARNAÚBA, EMA and IPÊ, whereas a few more are expected by the end of 2021 with the next set of the forthcoming beam-lines. This work highlights some of the design variations and describes in detail the workflow and the lessons learned in the installation of these systems, including: modal and motion validations, as well as cleaning, as-sembling, transportation, metrology, fiducialization, alignment, baking and cooling. Finally, commissioning results are shown for dynamic and thermal stabilities, and for optical performances.
 
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poster icon Poster MOPB06 [1.959 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-MOPB06  
About • paper received ※ 12 August 2021       paper accepted ※ 13 October 2021       issue date ※ 07 November 2021  
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TUPB11 Cryogenics Monitoring and Control System for EMBL Facilities at PETRA III controls, software, EPICS, status 167
 
  • M. Bueno, S. Fiedler, L. Kolwicz-Chodak, J. Meyer, U. Ristau
    EMBL, Hamburg, Germany
 
  At the integrated facility for structural biology of the EMBL at PETRA III on the DESY campus in Hamburg, several devices need cryogenic cooling with liquid nitrogen (LN2): cryo-coolers for the DCMs, cold gas stream units for cryo-crystallography (cryo-stream) at the beamlines and for an automatic crystal harvesting system, robotic sample mounting systems at the beamlines (MARVINs) and an additional one for sample transfer from the automatic crystal harvesting system. The cryo-coolers and phase separator are connected to the central LN2 supply operated by DESY. A local LN2 phase separator installed above one the beamlines is supplying the cryo-streams, the MARVIN systems and LN2 emergency reservoir. For the cryogenic devices local servers and clients exist that monitor and operate the corresponding sensors, actuators and provide the safety logic. In addition, the local cryo-clients are integrated in a cryogenics supervision client. The supervision client allows password protected access at a monitoring level, an operator and an expert level. At the monitoring level, it offers a fast overview of the status of all sub-systems at one glance. At the higher access levels, also the control of the cryogenic sub-systems is accessible. The application can be used from remote via a VPN connection, TeamViewer software or a web client (in preparation). Because of the heterogeneity of the cryogenic devices different protocols such as TINE, EtherCAT, ADS-OCX (BECKHOFF Automation) and EPICS for interfacing had to be applied.  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-TUPB11  
About • paper received ※ 29 July 2021       paper accepted ※ 27 September 2021       issue date ※ 03 November 2021  
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TUPC14 Copper Braid Heat Conductors for Sirius Cryogenic X-Ray Optics interface, vacuum, optics, radiation 207
 
  • F.R. Lena, G.V. Claudiano, J.C. Corsaletti, R.R. Geraldes, D.Y. Kakizaki, R.L. Parise, M. Saveri Silva, M.S. Souza, L.M. Volpe
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
 
  Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)
The low emittance and high photon flux beam present at the 4th-generation Sirius synchrotron light source beamlines result in high energy densities and high heat loads at some specific X-ray optics such as monochromators and white beam mirrors. This challenges the design of such systems since the introduction of thermal stresses may lead to optical surface deformation and beam degradation. Thus, to keep the systems within acceptable deformations some of the optical elements are cryogenically cooled. However, this poses the requirements of decoupling the thermal sinks (cryostats) from the optics and the mechanisms to maintain their desired degrees of freedom for alignment and dynamic operation. In this context we present the development of low-stiffness copper-braid-based heat conductors, summarizing the motivation and main aspects regarding their fabrication and application at the beamlines.
 
poster icon Poster TUPC14 [1.783 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-TUPC14  
About • paper received ※ 28 July 2021       paper accepted ※ 19 October 2021       issue date ※ 30 October 2021  
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WEPC02 A Cryogenic Sample Environment for the TARUMÃ Station at the CARNAÚBA Beamline at Sirius/LNLS controls, synchrotron, optics, MMI 306
 
  • F.R. Lena, C.S.N.C. Bueno, F.H. Cardoso, J.C. Carvalho, M.M. Donatti, R.R. Geraldes, L.M. Kofukuda, L.S. Perissinotto, E. Piragibe, C. Sato, H.C.N. Tolentino, W.H. Wilendorf
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
 
  Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MCTI)
TARUMÃ is the sub-microprobe station of CAR-NAÚBA (Coherent X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamline) at Sirius at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Covering the tender-to-hard energy range from 2.05 to 15 keV with achromatic fixed-shape optics, the fully coherent submicron focused beam can be used for multiple simultaneous advancedμand nanoscale X-ray techniques that include ptychography coherent diffraction imaging (ptycho-CDI), absorption spectroscopy (XAS), diffraction (XRD), fluorescence (XRF) and luminescence (XEOL). Among the broad range of materials of interest, studies of light elements present in soft tissues and other biological systems put TARUMÃ in a unique position in the Life and Environmental Sciences program at LNLS. Yet, to mitigate the detrimental effect of the high photon flux of the focused beam due to radiation damage, cryocooling may be required. Here we present the design and first results of a novel open-atmosphere cryogenic system for online sample conditioning down to 110 K. The high-stiffness and thermally-stable sample holder follows the predictive design approach based on precision engineering principles to preserve the nanometer-level positioning requirements, whereas a commercial nitrogen blower is used with a cold gas flow exhaustion system that has been developed in order to avoid unwanted cooling of surrounding parts and water condensation or icing.
 
poster icon Poster WEPC02 [2.172 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-WEPC02  
About • paper received ※ 29 July 2021       paper accepted ※ 17 October 2021       issue date ※ 30 October 2021  
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WEPC07 Thermal Model Validation for the Cryogenic Mirror Systems for Sirius/LNLS synchrotron, experiment, radiation, optics 320
 
  • L.M. Volpe, J.C. Corsaletti, B.A. Francisco, R.R. Geraldes, M.S. Silva
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
 
  Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)
One of the challenges of fourth-generation synchrotron light sources as Sirius at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) is the high power density that may affect the beamline optical elements by causing figure deformations that deteriorate the quality of the beam. Indeed, surface specifications for height errors of X-ray mirrors are often within a few nanometers. To deal with these thermal management challenges, thermo-mechanical designs based on cryogenic silicon have been developed, taking advantage of its high thermal conductance and low thermal expansion in temperatures of about 125 K. A liquid nitrogen (LN2) cryostat connected to the optics by copper braids has been used to handle moderate power loads, reducing costs when compared to closed-circuit LN2 cryocoolers and mechanically decoupling flow-induced vibrations from the optics. To guarantee the functionality of such systems, lumped mass thermal models were implemented together with auxiliary finite elements analyses. With the first systems in operation, it has been possible to compare and validate the developed models, and to carry out optimizations to improve them for future projects, by adjusting parameters such as emissivity, thermal contact resistance, and copper braid conductance. This work presents the updated models for CARNAÚBA and CATERETÊ beamlines as reference cases.
 
poster icon Poster WEPC07 [18.496 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-WEPC07  
About • paper received ※ 12 August 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 September 2021       issue date ※ 07 November 2021  
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WEPC09 Temperature-Dependent Elastic Constants and Young’s Modulus of Silicon Single Crystal lattice, synchrotron, photon, synchrotron-radiation 324
 
  • Z. Liu
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Silicon crystals have been widely applied for x-ray monochromators. It is an anisotropic material with temperature dependent properties. Values of its thermal properties from cryogenic to high temperature are available in literature for expansion, conductivity, diffusivity, heat capacity, but neither elastic constants nor Young’s modulus. X-ray monochromators may be liquid-nitrogen cooled or water cooled. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is commonly used to predict thermal performance of monochromators. The elastic constants and Young’s modulus over cryogenic and high temperature are now collected and derived from literature, with the purpose of assisting in providing accurate FEA predictions.
 
poster icon Poster WEPC09 [0.647 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-WEPC09  
About • paper received ※ 23 July 2021       paper accepted ※ 06 October 2021       issue date ※ 28 October 2021  
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WEPC10 Design of Vacuum Chamber With Cryogenic Cooling of Samples for Bragg-Plane Slope Error Measurements vacuum, photon, optics, radiation 327
 
  • J.W.J. Anton, P. Pradhan, D. Shu, Yu. Shvyd’ko
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357.
Wavefront preservation is essential for numerous X-ray science applications. Research is currently underway at the Advanced Photon Source to characterize and minimize Bragg-plane slope errors in diamond crystal optics*. Understanding the effect of cooling the optics to cryogenic temperatures on Bragg-plane slope errors is of interest to this research. Through the use of a finite element model a custom, compact vacuum chamber with liquid nitrogen cooling of samples was designed and manufactured. The design process and initial results are discussed in this paper.
*P. Pradhan et al., J. of Synchrotron Radiation 6, 1553 (2020)
 
poster icon Poster WEPC10 [0.903 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-WEPC10  
About • paper received ※ 13 August 2021       paper accepted ※ 19 October 2021       issue date ※ 01 November 2021  
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THOA02 A New Traveling Interferometric Scheme for the APS Upgrade of the 2-ID Bionanoprobe coupling, GUI, photon, interface 345
 
  • S.J. Bean, S. Chen, T. Graber, C. Jacobsen, B. Lai, E.R. Maxey, T. Mooney, C.A. Preissner, X. Shi, D. Shu, J. Tan, W. Wojcik
    ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
 
  Funding: Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility, operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357
The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is being upgraded to a multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice storage ring which will increase brightness and coherent flux by several orders of magnitude. As part of this upgrade a total of 15 beamlines were selected to be enhanced to take advantage of the new source ’ these are designated as ’Enhanced Beamlines’. Among these is the enhancement to 2-ID, which includes an upgrade and move of the existing Bionanoprobe (BNP) from 9-ID [1]. This instrument will become the second generation Bionanoprobe II (BNP-II) with intent of studying cryogenic samples with sub-10 nm resolution. This upgrade requires a high performing metrology configuration and design to achieve the desired spatial resolution while adapting to the various constraints of the instrument. The cryogenic sample environment and detection constraints offer significant challenges for implementing a metrology scheme. In this paper we report on the new traveling interferometer configuration proposed for BNP-II.
 
slides icon Slides THOA02 [1.580 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-THOA02  
About • paper received ※ 29 July 2021       paper accepted ※ 13 October 2021       issue date ※ 29 October 2021  
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