ESRF, Grenoble, France
ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
With the growing number of fourth generation light sources, there is an increased need of fast positioning end-stations with nanometric precision. Such systems are usually including dedicated control strategies, and many factors may limit their performances. In order to design such complex systems in a predictive way, a mechatronic design approach also known as "model based design", may be utilized. In this paper, we present how this mechatronic design approach was used for the development of a nano-hexapod for the ESRF ID31 beamline. The chosen design approach consists of using models of the mechatronic system (including sensors, actuators and control strategies) to predict its behavior. Based on this behavior and closed-loop simulations, the elements that are limiting the performances can be identified and re-designed accordingly. This allows to make adequate choices concerning the design of the nano-hexapod and the overall mechatronic architecture early in the project and save precious time and resources. Several test benches were used to validate the models and to gain confidence on the predictability of the final system’s performances. Measured nano-hexapod’s dynamics was shown to be in very good agreement with the models. Further tests should be done in order to confirm that the performances of the system match the predicted one. The presented development approach is foreseen to be applied more frequently to future mechatronic system design at the ESRF.
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ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
The world of beamline science is often fast-paced and dynamic. One of the major challenges in this environment is to be able to design, manufacture and then implement new items for use on the beamlines in a fast and accurate manner. Many times, this involves iterating the design to address unknown or new variables which were not present at the beginning of the project planning task. Through the use of additive manufacturing, I have been able to support the user programs of various (APS) Advanced Photon Source beamlines* across multiple scientific disciplines. I will provide a few detailed examples of Items that were created for specific beamline applications and discuss what benefits they provided to the pertinent project. I will also talk about why choosing consumer-level printer options to produce the parts has been the direction I went and the pros and cons of this decision. Primarily, this choice allowed for quicker turnaround times and the ability to make more frequent changes in an efficient manner. Currently, we are utilizing only the fused deposition modeling (FDM) type printers but I am exploring the addition of UV-activated resin printing, exotic materials that can be utilized using the current toolset, and the possibility of commercial metal printing systems. This technology has been a game-changer for the implementation of new support items and instrumentation over the last couple of years for the different disciplines I am supporting. I will discuss how the roadmap ahead and what the evolving technologies could potentially allow us to do.
*Thanks to the members of the DYS, MM, and TRR groups for their collaboration.
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
After successfully designing, installing, and commissioning two units of the High-Dynamic Double-Crystal Monochromator (HD-DCM) at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) - Sirius, two more units are now required. Since they demand only a smaller energy range (5 to 35 keV), the total gap stroke of the new instruments can be significantly reduced, creating an opportunity to adapt the existing design towards the so-called HD-DCM-Lite. Removing the large gap adjustment mechanism allows a reduction of the main inertia by a factor of 5, enabling the HD-DCM-Lite to deliver energy flyscans of hundreds of eV reaching 20 cycles per second while keeping fixed exit and the pitch stability in the range of 10 nrad RMS (1 Hz - 2.5 kHz). Hence, an unparallel bridge between slow step-scan DCMs and fast channel-cut monochromators is created. This work presents the in-house development of the HD-DCM-Lite, focusing on its mechanical design, discussions on the ultimate scanning constraints (rotary stage torque, voice-coil forces, interferometers and encoders readout speed limits and subdivisional errors), and thermal management.
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DESY, Hamburg, Germany
*W.A. Caliebe, V. Murzin, A. Kalinko, and M. Görlitz, AIP Conf. Proc. 2054, 060031 (2019).
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
TARUMÃ is the sub-microprobe station of the CARNAÚBA (Coherent X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamline) beamline at Sirius Light Source at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). It has been designed to allow for simultaneous multi-analytical X-ray techniques, including diffraction, spectroscopy, fluorescence and luminescence and imaging, both in 2D and 3D. Covering the energy range from 2.05 to 15 keV, the fully-coherent monochromatic beam size varies from 550 to 120 nm after the achromatic KB (Kirkpatrick-Baez) focusing optics, granting a flux of up to 1e11ph/s/100mA at the probe for high-throughput experiments with flyscans. In addition to the multiple techniques available at TARUMÃ, the large working distance of 440 mm after the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) KB system allows for another key aspect of this station, namely, a broad range of decoupled and independent sample environments. Indeed, exchangeable modular setups outside vacuum allow for in situ, in operando, cryogenic and/or in vivo experiments, covering research areas in biology, chemistry, physics, geophysics, agriculture, environment and energy, to name a few. An extensive systemic approach, heavily based on precision engineering concepts and predictive design, has been adopted for first-time-right development, effectively achieving altogether: the alignment and stability requirements of the large KB mirrors with respect to the beam and to the sample*; and the nanometer-level positioning, flyscan, tomographic and setup modularity requirements of the samples. This work presents the overall station architecture, the key aspects of its main components, and the first commissioning results.
* G.B.Z.L. Moreno et al. "Exactly constrained KB Mirrors for Sirius/LNLS Beamlines: Design and Commissioning of the TARUMÃ Station Nanofocusing Optics at the CARNAÚBA Beamline", presented at MEDSI’20, paper TUOB01, this conference.
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
An enhancement design of an existing 26-ID nanoprobe [1] instrument (NPI) at APS is being completed as part of work for the APS-Upgrade (APS-U) project. As part of this enhancement design, a new vacuum chamber geometry configuration has been implemented that balances the desired simultaneous x-ray measurement methods with accessibility and serviceability of the nanoprobe. The main enabling feature on the vacuum chamber is a slanted mid-level vacuum sealing plane. The new chamber design geometrically optimizes the ability to perform simultaneous diffraction, fluorescence and optical or laser pump probe measurements on the sample. A large diffraction door geometry is strategically placed near the sample for ease of access. The newly designed chamber can be readily serviced by removal of the upper chamber section, on which most larger instrument assemblies or beamline attachments are not interfaced. The mechanical design intent and geometry of this chamber concept is described in this paper.
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
Engineers at the APS have developed a granite, air-bearing stage concept that provides many millimeters of motion range and nanometer-level vibrational stability. This technique was first conceptualized and used on the Velociprobe x-ray microscope. The success of that design spurred adaption of the approach to over 90 devices, including many new instruments at the APS and high performing instruments at other synchrotrons. This paper details the design concept, some performance measurements, and new developments allowing for a six-degree-of-freedom device.