Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Control DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APSU) scope for insertion devices (IDs) and ID vacuum systems is extensive. Thirty-five of the 40 straight sections in the storage ring will be retrofitted with new 4.8-meter-long Superconducting Undulators (SCUs) or a mix of new and reused Hybrid-Permanent Magnet Undulators (HPMUs). All 35 ID straight sections will require new vacuum systems and new HPMU control systems. Production is well underway at multiple manufacturing sites around the world for these components. Simultaneously, ID assembly and HPMU tuning is occurring onsite at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). In addition to component production and assembly/tuning activities, our team also started the ID swap out program at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) in late 2020. This program allows us to remove HPMUs intended for reuse from the APS storage ring and retune them to meet the APSU magnetic specifications to reduce the tuning workload during dark time. These activities have presented technical and logistical challenges that are as unique as the components themselves. Additionally, the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic presented unforeseen challenges that required new work processes to be created to sustain pace and quality of work while maintaining the high workplace safety standards required at Argonne. This paper will summarize the many challenges we encountered during the course of the project and how they were overcome.
E.A. Anliker, Q.B. Hasse, Y. Ivanyushenkov, M. Kasa, Y. Shiroyanagi
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Control DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APSU) will include four full length Superconducting Undulators (SCUs). These SCUs require new undulator magnets to achieve the required performance of the new machine. The magnets are fabricated from low carbon steel and wound with NbTi superconductor. To meet the needs of the users of the new machine these magnets will be manufactured in different lengths and magnetic periods to accommodate SCUs in both inline and canted configurations. Because the magnets for the SCUs cannot be shimmed like permanent magnet undulators, they need to have very tight tolerances for the poles and the winding grooves. This poses unique manufacturing and fabrication challenges. This paper will cover the design of the 1.9 m long magnets for the inline SCUs, their measurement data, lessons learned from manufacturing, and an overview of design changes that were made for the magnets to be used in the canted SCU configurations.
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Control DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Component Database (CDB) is a document management platform created for the use of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APSU) Project. It serves two major functions: (1) a centralized location to link all data relating to field-replaceable upgrade components, and (2) a way to track the components throughout the machine’s 25-year lifetime. There are four (4) Superconducting Undulators (SCUs): two (2) Inline 16.5mm period devices, one (1) Canted 16.5mm period device, and one (1) Canted 18.5mm period device. Throughout the production process for these devices, tracking components between the different designs of SCU’s has proven to be a logistical issue, as there are uniform components among all 4 devices, but many unique components as well. As the scope evolved from a Research and Development (R&D) activity to a production scope, the CDB has been critical in communicating with a growing team, allowing anyone to identify a part or assembly and access all its design and manufacturing data. The 4.8-meter long SCUs are the first of their kind, requiring thorough onsite inspections, intricate assembly procedurals, and approved safety protocols. This is ideal information to document in an electronic traveler (e-traveler), which can then be attached to an item within the CDB. By providing a straightforward process for technicians to follow, the risk of miscommunication and unsafe practices are minimized. The CDB plays a vital role in simplifying and optimizing the transition of the SCU from an R&D unit to a production scope, from procurement to inspection, assembly and installation, and throughout the lifespan of machine maintenance.
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Control DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APSU) includes 40 straight sections, 35 of which will be outfitted with Superconducting Undulators (SCUs) or Hybrid-Permanent Magnetic Undulators (HPMUs). The vacuum systems for these devices are primarily fabricated from aluminum extrusions and are required to provide Ultra-High Vacuum continuity between storage ring (SR) sec-tors for a nominal distance of ~5.4 meters. Each vacuum system has unique fabrication challenges, but all first article (FA) components have been produced successfully. The FAs arrived onsite at ANL installation-ready, but have undergone functional testing activities to verify the production and vacuum certifications. The Insertion Device Vacuum Chamber (IDVC), used in HPMU sec-tors, is produced by SAES Rial Vacuum (Parma, Italy). The SCU vacuum system components are produced by two vendors, Cinel Instruments (Venice, Italy) and Anderson Dahlen (Ramsey, MN, USA). Based on the reliable outcomes and lessons learned from the FAs, production of the straight section vacuum systems is underway.
Front ends of the NSLS-II storage ring have numerous design requirements to ensure equipment and personal safety aspects of their designs. These design requirements, especially many pertaining to ray tracings, have gradually become overly stringent and a review is underway to simplify them for building future front ends. As a part of this effort we have assembled the front-end design requirements used in several other light sources. In this paper the assembled design requirements are discussed in comparison with those currently in use at NSLS-II.
C. Eng, S. Hulbert, C. Mazzoli, B. Podobedov
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
D. Donetski, J. Liu
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
Funding:U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Contract No. DE-SC0012704. Achieving photon beam stability, a critical property of modern synchrotron beamlines, requires a means of high resolution, non-invasive photon beam position measurement. While such measurement techniques exist for hard x-ray beamlines, they have yet to be achieved for soft x-ray beamlines. A new soft X-ray beam position monitor (SXBPM) design based on GaAs detector arrays is being developed and will be installed in the first optical enclosure of the Coherent Soft X-ray Scattering (CSX) beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II). The SXBPM assembly contains four water-cooled blade assemblies, each of which will have a GaAs detector assembly mounted within it, that can be inserted into the outer edges of the CSX undulator beam with sub-micron accuracy and resolution. The primary challenges in design of the SXBPM include: 1) mechanical stability of the assembly, 2) management of the heat load from the undulator x-ray beam to protect GaAs detector assemblies from unwanted illumination, 3) assembly compactness to fit within the first optical enclosure (FOE) of the CSX beamline, and 4) accessibility for modifications. Balancing the unique design requirements of the SXBPM along with their associated constraints has resulted in the design of a non-invasive beam position monitor which will be installed in the CSX FOE as a prototype for testing and iterative improvement. The ultimate goal is development of a widely useful SXBPM instrument for soft X-ray beamlines at high brightness synchrotron storage ring facilities worldwide. The following work seeks to present an overview of the current design of the SXBPM and an analysis of the challenges encountered and the proposed solutions by which they will be addressed.
M.V. Fisher, A.A. Khan, J.J. Knopp
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility, operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. An electronic autocollimator is a valuable tool that can assist in the alignment of optical beamline components such as mirrors and monochromators. It is also a powerful tool for in situ diagnoses of the mechanical behavior of such components. This can include the repeatability of crystals, gratings, and mirrors as they are rotated; the parasitic errors of these same optical elements as they are rotated and/or translated; and the repeatability and parasitic errors as bendable mirrors are actuated. The autocollimator can even be used to establish a secondary reference if such components require servicing. This paper will provide examples of such alignments, diagnoses, and references that have been made with an autocollimator on existing and recently commissioned beam-lines at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). In addition, this paper will discuss how this experience influenced the specifications and subsequent designs of the new primary high-heat-load mirror systems (PHHLMS) that are currently under fabrication for six of the APS Up-grade (APS-U) feature beamlines. Each mirror was specified to provide in situ line-of-sight access for an autocollimator to either the center of the mirror’s optical surface or to a smaller polished surface centered on the backside of each mirror substrate. This line of sight will be used for initial alignment of the mirror and will be available for in situ diagnoses if required in the future.
T.J. Bender, O.A. Schmidt, W.F. Toter
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Argonne National Laboratory’s work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. A novel design for a weldable copper chromium zirconium (CuCrZr) mask has been developed for use in Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APSU) beamlines. In the past, welding has been avoided for CuCrZr; however, the approach this alternative utilizes promises to drastically reduce cost and lead time over traditional brazed CuCrZr and welded Glidcop mask designs. Multiple thermal analyses of the mask have predicted that it will meet required mechanical and thermal requirements suitable for high heat load applications. As of the writing of this paper, a prototype is being fabricated for installation and testing on the 28-ID Coherent High Energy X-ray (CHEX) beamline.
N.A. Boiadjieva, D.M. Fritz, T. Rabedeau
SLAC, Menlo Park, California, USA
Beam collimation is crucial to maintaining machine and personnel safety during LCLS-II operation. The high density of optics and beam transport components needed to steer the beam to multiple beam lines places a premium on compact collimator design. This presentation discusses a compact collimator consisting of an X-ray beam power collimator, a burn through monitor (BTM) designed to detect failure of the X-ray beam collimator, and a Bremsstrahlung collimator. The collimator body is a monolith machined from CuCrZr (C18150) that eliminates costly braze operations and reduces assembly time and complexity. Sintered high thermal conductivity SiC is employed as the X-ray absorber with design provisions incorporated to permit the inclusion of additional absorbers (e.g. diamond). The allowed FEL beam power is limited to 100W. Finite element analyses ensure that the power absorber remains in safe temperature and stress regimes under the maximum power loading and smallest expected beam dimensions. The beam power will be limited via credited controls placed on the electron beam. Beam containment requirements stipulate the inclusion of a monitor to detect burn through events owing to absorber failure. The BTM is a gas-filled, thin wall vessel which, if illuminated by the beam, will burn through and release the contained gas and trip pressure switches that initiate beam shutdown. The beam absorber and BTM shadow the Bremsstrahlung collimator shielding after appropriate propagation of manufacturing, assembly, and installation tolerances. Tooling is developed to minimize assembly complexity and ensure minimal alignment errors.
O.K. Mulvany, B. Billett, B. Brajuskovic, J.A. Carter, A. McElderry, R.R. Swanson
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade storage ring arc vacuum system features a diverse set of photon beam-intercepting components, including five discrete photon absorbers and a series of small-aperture vacuum chambers that shadow downstream components. The discrete photon absorbers, typically fabricated from electron beam-welded GlidCop AL-15, are subject to heat loads ranging from approximately 170 to 3400 watts, with a peak power density up to approximately 610 W/mm2 at normal incidence. Four of the five photon absorber designs are housed in vacuum chambers, including three that are mounted to the antechambers of curved aluminum extrusion-based L-bend vacuum chambers and one that is mounted to a stainless steel vacuum-pumping cross. Furthermore, two of the photon absorbers that are mounted to L-bend vacuum chambers are equipped with position-adjustment mechanisms, which are necessitated by the challenging design and fabrication of the curved vacuum chambers. The fifth photon absorber, unlike the rest, is a brazed design that is integral in sealing the vacuum system and intercepts approximately 170 watts. Each photon absorber design was optimized with thermal-structural finite element analyses while ensuring functional and spatial requirements were met. Some of these requirements include meeting internal high-heat-load component design criteria, respecting challenging component interfaces and alignment requirements, and minimizing impedance effects. Furthermore, photon beam scattering effects called for the use of scattering shields on three designs to minimize potential heating of vacuum chambers. This paper details the careful balance of functionality and manufacturability, and the overall design process followed to achieve the final designs.
A. McElderry, B. Billett, J.A. Carter, O.K. Mulvany
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) storage ring arc consists of a diverse system of nar-row-aperture chambers in compact magnet assemblies with gaps often less than 1 mm. The vacuum system contains two stainless steel pumping crosses and two keyhole-shaped vacuum chambers, as well as eight non-evaporative getter (NEG) coated aluminum cham-bers and crosses per sector (40 total sectors). Each chamber contains a 22 mm diameter electron beam aperture and the keyhole components also feature a photon extraction antechamber. Each design balances functionality, manufacturability, and installation needs. The design process was aided by a flexible CAD skeleton model which allowed for easier adjustments. Synchrotron radiation heat loads applied to inline chamber photon absorbers and photon extraction beam envelopes were determined via a 3D ray tracing CAD model. The inline photon absorber and the key-hole shapes were optimized using iterative thermal-structural FEA. Focus was put on mesh quality to mod-el the <0.5 mm tall synchrotron radiation heat load absorbed across the length of the chamber to verify cooling parameters. The design process also required careful routing of the water system and vacuum pumps. The designs incorporate beam physics con-straints of the inline absorbers, cross-housed discrete absorbers, and pumping slots.
Z. Liu, W.G. Jansma, J. Nudell, C.A. Preissner
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Work supported by the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) accelerator magnets have stringent stability requirement*. The project schedule and budget did not allow for full prototyping of the final design. Therefore, the engineers relied on accurate simulation to ensure that the design would meet the specifications. Recently, assembly and free-boundary vibration tests have been done on the first article of the upstream quadrupole Doublet, Longitudinal gradient dipole and Multipole module (DLM-A). The top surface flatness of the girder and the magnet alignment measurement results demonstrate the static positioning requirement of magnet-to-magnet is met. The free-boundary condition modal test results were used to validate the FEA analysis used in the DLM-A design. This validation then confirms the predicted performance of the magnet support system design. Mode shapes and corresponding frequencies from the FEA modal analysis agree with the experimental modal analysis within an acceptable tolerance. The validation approves not only the procedure for accurate modeling of magnet support system that APS-U has developed, but also provides confidence in predicting the accelerator performance. *Advanced Photon Source. (2019). APS Upgrade Project Final Design Report (APSU-2.01-RPT-003). Retrieved from https://www.aps.anl.gov/APS-Upgrade/Documents
Z. Qiao, J.W.J. Anton, L. Assoufid, S.P. Kearney, S.T. Mashrafi, J. Qian, X. Shi, D. Shu
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Control DE-AC02-06CH11357 Deformable optics, including mechanically-bent and bimorph mirrors, are essential optical elements for X-ray beam dynamical focusing and wavefront correction. Existing mechanical bender technology often suffers from poor repeatability and does not include twist compensation. We recently developed an elliptically bent mirror based on a laminar flexure bending mechanism that yielded promising results*,**. In this work, the mirror surface twist was characterized using a Fizeau interferometer under different bending conditions. By applying a shimming correction, the surface twist was successfully reduced from 50 urad to 1.5 urad. The twist angle variation from no bending to the maximum bending is less than 0.5 urad. Our simulation results show that these numbers are significantly lower than the required values to ensure optimum optical performance. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of the twist compensation procedures and validates the mirror bender design parameters. *Shu, D. et al., AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 2054. No. 1, 2019. **Anton, Jayson WJ et al., Optomechanical Engineering 2019. Vol. 11100, 2019.
H.Y. He, L. Kang, L. Liu, R.H. Liu, X.J. Nie, A.X. Wang, L.Q. Zhao
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
The construction of the South Advanced Light Source Platform will be completed in 2021. Among them, the high-precision test hall requires that the effective value of the micro-vibration of the foundation be controlled within the vibration range of 25nm, which has already met the requirements of nanometer level. Research at dongguan machinery group, therefore, in view of the high precision testing hall, south of advanced light source is proposed to geological environment factors, carry out detailed geological survey measurement, focus on the advanced light source foundation vibration test, resistance to vibration and vibration characteristics research foundation and anti-vibration scheme research and the advanced light source is the key equipment vibration reduction technology research, through to the light source address of the proposed foundation vibration test, the vibration of foundation design, synchrotron radiation device key equipment comprehensive analysis and research of vibration reduction technology, formed a series of foundation vibration and key equipment solution, for the later construction of the southern light source to lay a solid foundation.
O. Utke
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand
S. Chaichuay, S. Klinkhieo, S. Pongampai, K. Sittisard, S. Srichan
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
The new Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II) storage ring is designed with a circumference of 327.502 m. It consists of 14 DTBA cell, where each cell requires 6 magnet girders. For the new storage ring of SPS II we developed a magnet girder system which uses wedgemounts for the precision alignment. The girder alignment uses a 3-2-1 alignment method and requires 3 wedgemounts to control Z direction, 2 wedgemounts to control Y-direction and 1 wedgemount for the X-direction. The magnet alignment is based on mechanical tolerances. Therefore, the girders top plate is prepared with precision surfaces with a flatness tolerance of 30 µm. During the development process of the girder system deformation and vibration FEA analysis were carried out and the results were used to improve the design regarding low deformation and high natural frequencies. In this paper FEA analysis results are presented as well as the design of the girder, pedestal and its wedgemount based alignment system.
F. Yan, X.P. Jing, G.P. Lin, J. Qiu, G. Xu, N.C. Zhou
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
A.Z. Lu, Y.L. Xing, Z.G. Xu, Y.S. Zhang
CEEDI, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is being built in China with challenging beam stability requirements. To fulfil the 25 nm ground motion restriction on the storage ring tunnel slab, two prototype slabs with different design schemes were constructed on the HEPS site. The first scheme adopted a 1 m reinforced concrete with replace-ment layer of a 1 m sand & stone underneath. The second scheme employed an extra 5 m grouting layer below the previously mentioned two layers. A series of tests had been carried out. The prototype slab with grouting layer is testified to have comparable vibration level with the bare ground, which is under 25 nm without traffic inside the HEPS campus, while the vibration level is amplified a lot on the other prototype slab. However, it is hard to make the grouting layer homogeneously under the kilo-metre-scale tunnel and besides the cost is unacceptable for 5 m grouting with such a large scale. The finalized design is fixed to be a 1 m reinforced concrete slab and 3 m replacement layer underneath using plain concrete. In this paper, the details of the prototype slab test results will be presented.
A.A. Khan, C.A. Preissner
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility, operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade project has employed the use of high heat load dual mirror systems in the new feature beamlines being built. Due to the shallow operating angles of the mirrors at a particular beamline, XPCS, the two mirrors needed to be approximately 2.5 m apart to create a distinct offset. Two separate mirror tanks are used for this system. However, it is unclear if the vibrational performance of these tanks would be better if they were both mounted on one large plinth or each mounted on a small plinth. Using accelerometers at the installation location, the floor vibrations were measured. The resulting frequency response function was then imported into a Finite Element Analysis software to generate a harmonic response analysis. The two different plinth schemes were modeled and the floor vibration was introduced as an excitation to the analysis. The relative pitch angle (THETA Y) between the mirrors was evaluated as well as the relative gap between the mirrors (XMAG). Results showed that a single plinth reduces the relative XMAG (RMS) compared to two plinths by approximately 25%. However, the relative THETA Y (RMS), which is arguably more critical, is significantly lower by approximately 99.7% in two plinths when compared to a single plinth. Therefore, it is more effective to use two separate plinths over a longer distance as opposed to a single longer granite plinth.
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-D6CH11357 The world of beamline science is often fast-paced and dynamic. One of the major challenges in this environment is to be able to design, manufacture and then implement new items for use on the beamlines in a fast and accurate manner. Many times, this involves iterating the design to address unknown or new variables which were not present at the beginning of the project planning task. Through the use of additive manufacturing, I have been able to support the user programs of various (APS) Advanced Photon Source beamlines* across multiple scientific disciplines. I will provide a few detailed examples of Items that were created for specific beamline applications and discuss what benefits they provided to the pertinent project. I will also talk about why choosing consumer-level printer options to produce the parts has been the direction I went and the pros and cons of this decision. Primarily, this choice allowed for quicker turnaround times and the ability to make more frequent changes in an efficient manner. Currently, we are utilizing only the fused deposition modeling (FDM) type printers but I am exploring the addition of UV-activated resin printing, exotic materials that can be utilized using the current toolset, and the possibility of commercial metal printing systems. This technology has been a game-changer for the implementation of new support items and instrumentation over the last couple of years for the different disciplines I am supporting. I will discuss how the roadmap ahead and what the evolving technologies could potentially allow us to do. *Thanks to the members of the DYS, MM, and TRR groups for their collaboration.
J.W.J. Anton, M. Chu, Z. Jiang, S. Narayanan, D. Shu, J. Strzalka, J. Wang
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. As part of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project, the Coherent Surface Scattering Imaging (CSSI) [1] instrument is currently being developed. One of the most important components of the CSSI instrument at the 9-ID beamline of the APS-U, the Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) mirror system, will focus hard X-rays to a diffrac-tion-limited size of 500 nanometers at a working distance of 550 mm. High angular stability (19 nrad for the hori-zontal mirror and 14 nrad for the vertical mirror) is speci-fied no just for the focused beamsize but, more important-ly, to ensure the beam stability at the detector position that is up to 24 m from the K-B mirrors. A large sample-to-detector distance (up to 23 m), one of the beamline’s unique features for achieving a sufficient coherent-imaging spatial oversampling, requires sample angular stability of 50 nrad. In CSSI scattering geometry, the vertically placed sample reflects X-rays in the horizontal direction at an extremely shallow angle. The design in-cludes two high-precision rotary stages for sample pitch (vertical axis) and yaw (horizontal axis). The current design of instrument’s nano-positioning stages [2] and metrology required to satisfy the stability and positioning requirements are discussed in this paper. *T. Sun et al., Nat. Photonics 6, 586 (2012). **D. Shu et al., this conference.
D. Shu, J.W.J. Anton, L. Assoufid, S.J. Bean, D. Capatina, V. De Andrade, E.M. Dufresne, T. Graber, R. Harder, D. Haskel, K. Jasionowski, S.P. Kearney, A.A. Khan, B. Lai, W. Liu, J. Maser, S.T. Mashrafi, G.K. Mistri, S. Narayanan, C.A. Preissner, M. Ramanathan, L. Rebuffi, R. Reininger, O.A. Schmidt, X. Shi, J.Z. Tischler, K.J. Wakefield, D. Walko, J. Wang, X. Zhang
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Kirkpatrick and Baez (K-B) mirror-based nanofocusing optics* will be applied to many beamlines endstation instruments for the APS-Upgrade (APS-U) project. Precision nanopositioning stages with nanometer-scale linear positioning resolution and nanoradian-scale angular stability are needed as alignment apparatus for the K-B mirror hard X-ray nanofocusing optics. For instance, at the APS-U 19-ID In Situ Nanoprobe beamline endstation**, to maintain stability of a 20-nm focal spot on the sample, nanofocusing K-B mirror system with 5-nrad angular stability is required. Similar angular resolution and stability are also required for APS-U 9-ID CSSI***, APS-U 34-ID ATOMIC**** and other beamline endstation instruments. Modular nanopositioning flexure stages have been developed for the K-B mirror nanofocusing optics, which includes: linear vertical and horizontal flexure stages, tip-tilting flexure stages, and flexure mirror benders for bendable nanofocusing K-B mirrors, to overcome the performance limitations of precision ball-bearing-based or roller-bearing-based stage systems. The mechanical design and preliminary test results are described in this paper. * Kirkpartrick and Baez, JOSA. 1948; 38(9): 766-773. ** S. Kearney et al., this conference. *** J. Anton et al., this conference. **** C. Preissner et al., this conference.
S.J. Bean, V. De Andrade, A. Deriy, K. Fezzaa, T. Graber, J. Matus, C.A. Preissner, D. Shu
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility, operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357 A new nano-computed tomography projection microscope (n-CT) is being designed as part the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) beamline enhancement at sector 32-ID. The n-CT will take advantage of the APS-U source and provide new capabilities to the imaging program at 32-ID. A Kirkpatrick and Baez (KB) mirror-based nanofocusing optics [1,2] will be implemented in this design. To meet the n-CT imaging goals, it is the desire to have sub 10 nanometer vibrational and thermal drift stability over 10-minute measurement durations between the optic and the sample. In addition to the stability requirements, it is desired to have a variable length sample projection axis of up to 450 mm. Such stability and motion requirements are challenging to accomplish simultaneously due to performance limitations of traditional motion mechanics and present a significant engineering challenge. To overcome these limitations, the proposed n-CT design incorporates granite air bearing concepts initially used in the Velociprobe [3]. These types of granite stages have been incorporated into many designs at APS [4] and at other synchrotron facilities [5]. Utilizing the granite air bearing concept, in tandem with other design aspects in the instrument, the requirements become reachable. A novel multi-degree of freedom wedge configuration is also incorporated to overcome space limitations. The design of this instrument is described in this paper.
B. List, L. Hagge, M. Hüning, D. Miller, P.-O. Petersen
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
The PETRA-IV next-generation synchrotron radiation source planned at DESY is currently in preparation as successor of PETRA-III, with a completely new accelerator and a new experimental hall, while existing buildings, tunnels and experimental beamlines will be retained where possible. The Technical Design Report is due to be completed by the end of 2022. A CAD integration model has been set up for the complete accelerator and photon science complex. It combines the contributions of all relevant trades, the accelerator components, supply infrastructure, installations, frames, tunnels and buildings, and the design of the campus. The CAD model structure is aligned with the project’s part breakdown structure (PBS) and the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) to facilitate integration with systems engineering and reflect responsibility within the project organization. Within the model, it is possible to switch between different levels of detail for space allocation (DG1 - "black box"), interface definition (DG2 - "grey box") and detailed design (DG3 - "white box"), separating layout from design, while ensuring their consistency. Placement of accelerator components is directly governed by the lattice through direct access to spreadsheet data, allowing fast design changes after a lattice update and ensuring consistency between mechanical and lattice design. The resulting model will support the complete facility lifecycle, from layout and design to fabrication, installation and operation. The presentation explains the tasks and requirements of the CAD integration process and uses examples to explain the structure and the modeling methodology of the CAD integration model.
D.M. Just, C. Pradervand
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
The Swiss Light Source (SLS) at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Switzerland will undergo from 2021 to 2024 an upgrade named SLS 2.0 to increase brightness and coherence. This upgrade will have a significant impact on the existing front-ends. Due to the proven reliability and good concept, we plan a refurbishment strategy for all front-end (FE) components where possible. New source points for all beam-lines – resulting in shifts both lateral and tangential, newly developed insertion devices and bending magnets as well as spatial restrictions due to the multi bend achromat (MBA) design challenges this strategy. We demonstrate how we plan to deal with these challenges for the case of high heat load FEs. We will address how the acceptance of the FE was chosen due flux and power calculations of the insertion device and the design and thermal analysis of a novel primary aperture. The adaptions that will be made to the tungsten blade X-Ray beam positioning monitors (W-XBPM) and modifications on the photon shutter will be discussed. Furthermore, we will take a brief excursion on how we want to organize the refurbishment during the shutdown period of the upgrade.
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S. Venkatesan, L. Barnsley, A.J. Clulow, A.P. Mazonowicz, C.J. Roy
AS - ANSTO, Clayton, Australia
G. Conesa-Zamora, R. Grubb, H. Hamedi, B. Jensen, C.S. Kamma-Lorger, V.I. Samardzic-Boban
ANSTO, Menai, New South Wales, Australia
The Biological Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (BioSAXS) beamline is the third beamline designed, developed and soon to be installed as part of BRIGHT Program at the Australian Synchrotron. The BioSAXS beamline will allow highly radiation sensitive samples to be studied at high flux. The beamline will offer increased efficiency, and data quality, for all liquid phase scattering experiments, allowing measurement of new and novel samples, and experiments, that otherwise would not be possible. The BioSAXS beamline will accommodate a wide range of experiments by offering a q-range of ~ 0.001 - 4 Å-1 and an optical design optimized for high flux (~5x1014 ph/s) x-rays. At this flux rate, BioSAXS will offer users one of the highest flux beamlines in the world. To achieve this, the beamline will use a superconducting undulator insertion device, double multilayer monochromator, and vertical and horizontal bending mirrors, providing flexibility in optical configurations. The beamline will primarily collect data in a fully unfocussed mode. BioSAXS will also be able to achieve a fully focused and a vertically focussed beam. This subsequent variation in the beam position at sample is accommodated through fully automated motion in 5 axes at the in-vacuum detector stage and 4 axes in the sample table. The design of these components allows smooth transition in camera lengths and improved signal to noise ratio. This paper presents the various engineering challenges in this high flux design, including thermal management of critical components, design developments to accommodate the various operational modes and various stages of the Photon Delivery System and Experimental Station components. The paper aims to present details of design, FEA results and approaches taken to solve problems.
G. Iori, M.M. Al Shehab, M.A. Al-Najdawi, A. Lausi
SESAME, Allan, Jordan
M. Altissimo, I. Cudin
Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Italy
A. Kaprolat, J. Reyes-Herrera, P. Van Vaerenbergh
ESRF, Grenoble, France
T. Kolodziej
NSRC SOLARIS, Kraków, Poland
Funding:EU H2020 framework programme for research and innovation. Grant agreement n°822535. The BEAmline for Tomography at SESAME (BEATS) will operate an X-rayμtomography station providing service to scientists from archaeology, cultural heritage, medicine, biology, material science and engineering, geology and environmental sciences*. BEATS will have a length of 45 m with a 3-pole-wiggler source (3 T peak magnetic field at 11 mm gap). Filtered white and monochromatic beam (8 keV to 50 keV, dE/E: 2% to 3% using a double-multilayer-monochromator) modalities will be available. In this work we present the beamline optical design, verified with simulation tools included in OASYS**. The calculated flux through 1 mm2 at the sample position will be as high as 8.5×109 Ph/s/mm2 in 0.1% of the source bandwidth, for a maximum usable beam size of 70×15 mm2. Beam transverse coherence will be limited to below 1 µm by the horizontal size of the X-ray source (~2 mm FWHM). For phase contrast applications requiring enhanced coherence, front end slits can be closed to 0.5 mm horizontally, with a reduction of the available beam size and photon flux. The BEATS beamline will fulfill the needs of the tomography community of SESAME. * H2020 project BEATS, Technical Design Report (July 2020). ** L. Rebuffi and M. Sanchez del Rio, Proc. SPIE 10388: 130080S (2017).
S.J. Izzo, C.L. Doose, A.K. Jain, W.G. Jansma
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility, operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Photon Source-Upgrade (APS-U) project* is under construction and will incorporate a new Multi-Bend Achromat (MBA) lattice. With this design, the new storage ring will require over 1320 new magnets that are being produced under build-to-print contracts to several vendors across the globe. Magnetic measurements are needed to characterize and fiducialize all these magnets to ensure field quality and alignment requirements are met. Seven specialized test benches were designed and built to meet the measurement requirements. These measurement benches may be classified into two groups. The first group is the field quality measurement that includes the strength of the main field and higher harmonics. The multipole magnets are measured using four rotating coil benches, whereas the longitudinal gradient dipoles are mapped using a Hall probe system. The second group is fiducialization that locates the magnetic center of the magnet using a rotating wire and relates it to magnet fiducials and reference surfaces using a laser tracker. This information accompanies each magnet through the module assembly and final installation in the ring to ensure that the magnet is aligned within the allowable tolerance. To date, about 65% of all magnets needed for the storage ring have been measured and fiducialized. Mechanical design of the measurement benches will be presented. *Advanced Photon Source. (2017). APS Upgrade Project Preliminary Design Review Report (APSU-2.01-RPT-002). Retrieved from https://www.aps.anl.gov/APS-Upgrade/Documents.
K.J. Volin, R. Bechtold, A.K. Jain, W.G. Jansma, Z. Liu, J. Nudell, C.A. Preissner
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Control DE-AC02-06CH11357. With APSU well into the procurement phase of the project, the APSU assembly team has completed a "DLMA Practice Assembly", comprising of the support system, and all magnets required to complete a module. The purpose of this test was to verify assembly and documentation procedures, ensure proper fit between mating components, and verify that alignment specifications can be met. The results of this exercise are presented. Though this test was completed on the Argonne site, work continues on building 981, the APSU offsite warehouse, where our first production plinths and girders have been shipped, and where production modules will be assembled. This space has been outfitted by Argonne contractors and APSU Assembly technicians with 1) 5 parallel DLM/FODO module assembly stations, each complete with a 3 tn. overhead crane, retractable cleanroom, staging tables, and tools, and 2) 2 QMQ module assembly stations each complete with a 5 tn. gantry crane, assembly support stands, staging tables, and tools. An overview of this production assembly space is also presented.
J. Reyes-Herrera, M. Sanchez del Rio
ESRF, Grenoble, France
The analysis of thermal stress of beamline components requires a comprehensive determination of the absorbed power profile. Consequently, accurate calculations of beam power density and its dependency on the photon energy are required. There exist precise tools to perform these calculations for undulator sources, like several methods available in the OASYS toolbox* considering, for example, the contribution of the different harmonics of the undulator radiation or using ray-tracing algorithms**. This is not the case for wiggler sources, in particular for short insertion devices that are used as source for the bending magnet beamlines in some upgraded storage rings like the ESRF-EBS. Wiggler radiation is incoherent and although it is possible the use of undulator methods for calculating it, this is very inefficient. In this work, we describe a tool that performs fast calculations of spectral power density from a wiggler source. The emission is calculated starting from a tabulated magnetic field and computes the power spatial and spectral density. It uses concepts inspired from Tanaka’s work***. It is implemented in a user-friendly widget in OASYS and can be connected to widgets to calculate absorbed and transmitted power density along the beamline components. The accuracy of the method is verified by calculating three examples and comparing the results with ray-tracing. The three insertion devices simulated are: the EBS-ESRF-3PW, the ESRF W150 (a high power wiggler) and the 3PW for the BEATS project at the SESAME synchrotron source. *L. Rebuffi, M. Sanchez del Rio, Proc. SPIE 10388: 130080S (2017). **L. Rebuffi et al., J Synchrotron Rad, 27, 1108-1120 (2020). ***T. Tanaka, H. Kitamura, AIP Conference Proceedings 705, 41 (2004).
Funding:Work supported by the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Silicon crystals have been widely applied for x-ray monochromators. It is an anisotropic material with temperature dependent properties. Values of its thermal properties from cryogenic to high temperature are available in literature for expansion, conductivity, diffusivity, heat capacity, but neither elastic constants nor Young’s modulus. X-ray monochromators may be liquid-nitrogen cooled or water cooled. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is commonly used to predict thermal performance of monochromators. The elastic constants and Young’s modulus over cryogenic and high temperature are now collected and derived from literature, with the purpose of assisting in providing accurate FEA predictions.
J.W.J. Anton, P. Pradhan, D. Shu, Yu. Shvyd’ko
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Wavefront preservation is essential for numerous X-ray science applications. Research is currently underway at the Advanced Photon Source to characterize and minimize Bragg-plane slope errors in diamond crystal optics*. Understanding the effect of cooling the optics to cryogenic temperatures on Bragg-plane slope errors is of interest to this research. Through the use of a finite element model a custom, compact vacuum chamber with liquid nitrogen cooling of samples was designed and manufactured. The design process and initial results are discussed in this paper. *P. Pradhan et al., J. of Synchrotron Radiation 6, 1553 (2020)
K.J. Wakefield, S.J. Bean, D. Capatina, E.M. Dufresne, M.V. Fisher, M.J. Highland, S. Narayanan, A. Sandy, R. Ziegler
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy (XPCS) beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) has been selected as one of the nine feature beamlines being de-signed to take advantage of the increase in coherent flux provided by the APS Upgrade. The 8-ID-E enclosure at the beamline will have a dedicated instrument for per-forming Wide Angle XPCS (WA-XPCS) measurements across a range of length and time scales. The instrument will feature a high-stability 6-circle diffractometer, a moveable Long Distance Detector Positioner (LDDP) for positioning a large pixel array detector, and a removable flight path assembly. For intermediate sample to detector distances of 1.5 to 2 meters, a large pixel array detector will be positioned on the diffractometer detector arm. For longer sample to detector distances up to 4 meters, an horizontal scattering geometry will be utilized based on the LDDP to position a second large pixel array detector. The LDDP will consist of a large granite base on which sits a combination of motorized stages. The base will sit on air casters that allow the LDDP to be coarsely posi-tioned manually within the enclosure. Final positioning of the detector will be achieved with the mounted stages. The spatial relationship between the sample and the free moving LDDP will be monitored using a laser tracking system. A moveable flight path will be supported by the diffractometer arm and a mobile floor support to mini-mize air scattering while using the LDDP. The WA-XPCS instrument has been designed with users and beamline staff in mind and will allow them to efficiently utilize the highly enhanced coherent beam provided by the APS Upgrade.
S.J. Bean, S. Chen, T. Graber, C. Jacobsen, B. Lai, E.R. Maxey, T. Mooney, C.A. Preissner, X. Shi, D. Shu, J. Tan, W. Wojcik
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility, operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357 The Advanced Photon Source (APS) at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) is being upgraded to a multi-bend achromat (MBA) lattice storage ring which will increase brightness and coherent flux by several orders of magnitude. As part of this upgrade a total of 15 beamlines were selected to be enhanced to take advantage of the new source ’ these are designated as ’Enhanced Beamlines’. Among these is the enhancement to 2-ID, which includes an upgrade and move of the existing Bionanoprobe (BNP) from 9-ID [1]. This instrument will become the second generation Bionanoprobe II (BNP-II) with intent of studying cryogenic samples with sub-10 nm resolution. This upgrade requires a high performing metrology configuration and design to achieve the desired spatial resolution while adapting to the various constraints of the instrument. The cryogenic sample environment and detection constraints offer significant challenges for implementing a metrology scheme. In this paper we report on the new traveling interferometer configuration proposed for BNP-II.
F. Yang, D. La Civita, H. Sinn, M. Vannoni
EuXFEL, Hamburg, Germany
The European XFEL GmbH, located in Hamburg area in Germany, is the X-ray free electron laser light source which has been in the operation since 2017. It is designed to provide users high intensity X-ray beam with 27000 pulses/s repetition rate in the photon energy range from 0.5 to 25 keV*. In the beam transport system, the optic components which have direct contact with the beam, e.g. mirror, absorber and beam shutter, etc., could get up to 10 kW heat load on a sub-mm spot in 0.6 ms. Therefore, the thermo-mechanical performance of these optic components is playing an important role in the safety operation of the facility, restricting the maximum allowed beam power delivered to each experiment station. In this contribution, using finite element simulation tools, a parametric study about coupled thermo-mechanical behavior of some general used materials, e.g. CVD diamond, B4C, silicon, etc. is presented. Based on the design of several devices which are already in operation at European XFEL**, an initial damage threshold for these materials is established, with respect to the corresponding beam parameters. Furthermore, the relevant analytical and numerical solutions are discussed and compared, taking the material and geometrical nonlinearities into account. These simulation results can be referred as design and operation benchmark for the optic elements in the beamlines. *Altarelli, M. et al., The XFEL Technical Design Report, 2006. **Tschentscher, Th. et al., Photon Beam Transport and Scientific Instruments at the European XFEL, Applied Sciences 7(6):592, 2017.
