Author: Lena, F.R.
Paper Title Page
MOPB02 Cryogenic Systems for Optical Elements Cooling at Sirius/LNLS 21
 
  • M. Saveri Silva, M.P. Calcanha, G.V. Claudiano, A.F.M. Fontoura, B.A. Francisco, L.M. Kofukuda, F.R. Lena, F. Meneau, G.B.Z.L. Moreno, G.L.M.P. Rodrigues, L. Sanfelici, H.C.N. Tolentino, L.M. Volpe
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
  • J.H. Řežende
    CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
 
  Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)
Sirius, the Brazilian 4th-generation light source at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), presents high-performance requirements in terms of preserving photon-beam quality, particularly regarding wavefront integrity and position stability. In this context, it is imperative that many silicon optical elements* be effectively cooled, such that temperatures and their control-related parameters can be precisely handled to the point in which thermal effects are acceptable concerning figure distortions and drifts at different timescales. For this class of precision equipment, the required performance can only be achieved with robust thermal management.** For this, relevant aspects related to the implementation of liquid nitrogen cooling systems need to be emphasized. Currently, two solutions are present at the first-phase beamlines, according to the component thermal load: (1) an in-house low-cost system for components under moderate loads (< 50 W), such as the mirror systems and the four-bounce monochromators, comprising a commercial cryostat connected to an instrumented vessel, whose level and pressure are controlled by the standard beamline automation system that can automatically feed it from a secondary service unit or a dedicated transfer line; (2) a commercial cryocooler for high-heat-load applications (50 - 3000 W), such as the double-crystal monochromators. This work presents the in-house solution: requirements, design aspects, operation range, as well as several discoveries and improvements deployed during the commissioning of the CATERETÊ and the CARNAÚBA beamlines, such as the prevention of ice formation, stabilization of both thermal load and flow-rate, and auto-filling parameters, among others.
*TOLENTINO. Innovative instruments (…) for the CARNAÚBA beamline at Sirius-LNLS. SRI (2018).
**VOLPE. Performance validation of the thermal model for optical components. Submit to MEDSI (2020)
 
poster icon Poster MOPB02 [2.364 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-MOPB02  
About • paper received ※ 25 July 2021       paper accepted ※ 13 October 2021       issue date ※ 09 November 2021  
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MOPB06 Installation and Commissioning of the Exactly-Constrained X-Ray Mirror Systems for Sirius/LNLS 33
 
  • V.B. Zilli, C.S.N.C. Bueno, G.V. Claudiano, R.R. Geraldes, G.N. Kontogiorgos, F.R. Lena, S.A.L. Luiz, G.B.Z.L. Moreno, A.C. Pinto, G.L.M.P. Rodrigues, M.S. Souza, L.M. Volpe
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
 
  Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)
Innovative exactly-constrained thermo-mechanical de-signs for beamline X-ray mirrors have been developed since 2017 at the 4th-generation Sirius Light Source at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Due to the specific optical layouts of the beamlines, multiple systems cover a broad range of characteristics, including: power management from a few tens of mW to tens of W, via passive room-temperature operation, water cooling or indirect cryocooling using copper braids; mirror sizes ranging from 50 mm to more than 500 mm; mirrors with single or multiple optical stripes, with and without coat-ings; and internal mechanics with one or two degrees of freedom for optimized compromise between alignment features, with sub-100-nrad resolution, and high dynamic performance, with first resonances typically above 150 Hz. Currently, nearly a dozen of these in-house mirror systems is operational or in commissioning at 5 beam-lines at Sirius: MANACÁ, CATERETÊ, CARNAÚBA, EMA and IPÊ, whereas a few more are expected by the end of 2021 with the next set of the forthcoming beam-lines. This work highlights some of the design variations and describes in detail the workflow and the lessons learned in the installation of these systems, including: modal and motion validations, as well as cleaning, as-sembling, transportation, metrology, fiducialization, alignment, baking and cooling. Finally, commissioning results are shown for dynamic and thermal stabilities, and for optical performances.
 
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poster icon Poster MOPB06 [1.959 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-MOPB06  
About • paper received ※ 12 August 2021       paper accepted ※ 13 October 2021       issue date ※ 07 November 2021  
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TUOB01 Exactly-constrained KB Mirrors for Sirius/LNLS Beamlines: Design and Commissioning of the TARUMÃ Station Nanofocusing Optics at CARNAÚBA Beamline 111
 
  • G.B.Z.L. Moreno, C.S.N.C. Bueno, R.R. Geraldes, F.R. Lena, S.A.L. Luiz, E.O. Pereira, H.C.N. Tolentino, Y.R. Tonin, W.H. Wilendorf
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
 
  Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)
Next-generation nanoprobes, empowered by diffraction-limited storage rings, as Sirius/LNLS, present high-performance requirements aiming at high spatial resolution and throughput. For the focusing optics, this means assuring a small and non-astigmatic probe, high flux density, and remarkably high position stability, while also preserving beam wavefront. At stations further dedicated to spectromicroscopy and in-situ experiments, these requirements add up to having achromatic design and suitable working distance, respectively. In this way, Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirrors have been chosen as the most appropriate solution for Sirius focusing optics. At TARUMÃ*, the first delivered nanoprobe at Sirius, the KB focuses the beam down to a 120 nm spot size (>8 keV) with a 440 mm working distance. This brought the requirements on the mirror’s angular stability to less than 10 nrad RMS, surface quality to single-digit nanometers, and alignment tolerances to the range of hundreds of nrad, which can be even tighter for other nanoprobes. Such specifications are particularly challenging regarding clamping, vibration, and thermal expansion budgets, even testing optical metrology limits during alignment and validation phases. The resulting KB mechanism is an opto-mechanical system with an exactly-constrained, deterministic design**, and suspension modes well above 250 Hz, sufficiently coupling optics to sample in the same 6-DoF base. It provides low-order aberration corrections by single degree-of-freedom alignment with piezo actuators, while higher order aberrations from clamping and thermal deformations are mitigated by gluing each mirror to flexure-based mounting frames. This contribution presents the design, assembly, and commissioning of the KB system at TARUMÃ as a reference case.
*Tolentino, H.C.N., et al. "TARUMÃ station for the CARNAÚBA beamline at SIRIUS/LNLS" SPIE 11112 19
**Geraldes, R.R., et al. "The Design of Exactly-constrained X-ray Mirror Systems for Sirius." MEDSI18
 
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slides icon Slides TUOB01 [5.780 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-TUOB01  
About • paper received ※ 25 July 2021       paper accepted ※ 17 September 2021       issue date ※ 06 November 2021  
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TUPC14 Copper Braid Heat Conductors for Sirius Cryogenic X-Ray Optics 207
 
  • F.R. Lena, G.V. Claudiano, J.C. Corsaletti, R.R. Geraldes, D.Y. Kakizaki, R.L. Parise, M. Saveri Silva, M.S. Souza, L.M. Volpe
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
 
  Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)
The low emittance and high photon flux beam present at the 4th-generation Sirius synchrotron light source beamlines result in high energy densities and high heat loads at some specific X-ray optics such as monochromators and white beam mirrors. This challenges the design of such systems since the introduction of thermal stresses may lead to optical surface deformation and beam degradation. Thus, to keep the systems within acceptable deformations some of the optical elements are cryogenically cooled. However, this poses the requirements of decoupling the thermal sinks (cryostats) from the optics and the mechanisms to maintain their desired degrees of freedom for alignment and dynamic operation. In this context we present the development of low-stiffness copper-braid-based heat conductors, summarizing the motivation and main aspects regarding their fabrication and application at the beamlines.
 
poster icon Poster TUPC14 [1.783 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-TUPC14  
About • paper received ※ 28 July 2021       paper accepted ※ 19 October 2021       issue date ※ 30 October 2021  
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WEPB13 Design and Commissioning of the TARUMÃ Station at the CARNAÚBA Beamline at Sirius/LNLS 292
 
  • R.R. Geraldes, C.S.N.C. Bueno, L.G. Capovilla, D. Galante, L.C. Guedes, L.M. Kofukuda, G.N. Kontogiorgos, F.R. Lena, S.A.L. Luiz, G.B.Z.L. Moreno, I.T. Neckel, C.A. Perez, A.C. Piccino Neto, A.C. Pinto, C. Sato, A.P.S. Sotero, V.C. Teixeira, H.C.N. Tolentino, W.H. Wilendorf, J.L. da Silva
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
 
  Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI)
TARUMÃ is the sub-microprobe station of the CARNAÚBA (Coherent X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamline) beamline at Sirius Light Source at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). It has been designed to allow for simultaneous multi-analytical X-ray techniques, including diffraction, spectroscopy, fluorescence and luminescence and imaging, both in 2D and 3D. Covering the energy range from 2.05 to 15 keV, the fully-coherent monochromatic beam size varies from 550 to 120 nm after the achromatic KB (Kirkpatrick-Baez) focusing optics, granting a flux of up to 1e11ph/s/100mA at the probe for high-throughput experiments with flyscans. In addition to the multiple techniques available at TARUMÃ, the large working distance of 440 mm after the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) KB system allows for another key aspect of this station, namely, a broad range of decoupled and independent sample environments. Indeed, exchangeable modular setups outside vacuum allow for in situ, in operando, cryogenic and/or in vivo experiments, covering research areas in biology, chemistry, physics, geophysics, agriculture, environment and energy, to name a few. An extensive systemic approach, heavily based on precision engineering concepts and predictive design, has been adopted for first-time-right development, effectively achieving altogether: the alignment and stability requirements of the large KB mirrors with respect to the beam and to the sample*; and the nanometer-level positioning, flyscan, tomographic and setup modularity requirements of the samples. This work presents the overall station architecture, the key aspects of its main components, and the first commissioning results.
* G.B.Z.L. Moreno et al. "Exactly constrained KB Mirrors for Sirius/LNLS Beamlines: Design and Commissioning of the TARUMÃ Station Nanofocusing Optics at the CARNAÚBA Beamline", presented at MEDSI’20, paper TUOB01, this conference.
 
poster icon Poster WEPB13 [2.936 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-WEPB13  
About • paper received ※ 25 July 2021       paper accepted ※ 28 September 2021       issue date ※ 30 October 2021  
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WEPC02 A Cryogenic Sample Environment for the TARUMÃ Station at the CARNAÚBA Beamline at Sirius/LNLS 306
 
  • F.R. Lena, C.S.N.C. Bueno, F.H. Cardoso, J.C. Carvalho, M.M. Donatti, R.R. Geraldes, L.M. Kofukuda, L.S. Perissinotto, E. Piragibe, C. Sato, H.C.N. Tolentino, W.H. Wilendorf
    LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
 
  Funding: Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MCTI)
TARUMÃ is the sub-microprobe station of CAR-NAÚBA (Coherent X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamline) at Sirius at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Covering the tender-to-hard energy range from 2.05 to 15 keV with achromatic fixed-shape optics, the fully coherent submicron focused beam can be used for multiple simultaneous advancedμand nanoscale X-ray techniques that include ptychography coherent diffraction imaging (ptycho-CDI), absorption spectroscopy (XAS), diffraction (XRD), fluorescence (XRF) and luminescence (XEOL). Among the broad range of materials of interest, studies of light elements present in soft tissues and other biological systems put TARUMÃ in a unique position in the Life and Environmental Sciences program at LNLS. Yet, to mitigate the detrimental effect of the high photon flux of the focused beam due to radiation damage, cryocooling may be required. Here we present the design and first results of a novel open-atmosphere cryogenic system for online sample conditioning down to 110 K. The high-stiffness and thermally-stable sample holder follows the predictive design approach based on precision engineering principles to preserve the nanometer-level positioning requirements, whereas a commercial nitrogen blower is used with a cold gas flow exhaustion system that has been developed in order to avoid unwanted cooling of surrounding parts and water condensation or icing.
 
poster icon Poster WEPC02 [2.172 MB]  
DOI • reference for this paper ※ https://doi.org/10.18429/JACoW-MEDSI2020-WEPC02  
About • paper received ※ 29 July 2021       paper accepted ※ 17 October 2021       issue date ※ 30 October 2021  
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