System and Subsystem Engineering of Long Baseline Detectors
F. Matichard
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
This talk will give an overview of the system and subsystem engineering and development of long baseline detectors, with a focus on neutrino experiments such as DUNE, and gravitational wave detectors such as LIGO. It will emphasize common features to the development and execution of these decade long programs, across the various phases of technology development and system integration. It will highlight key features of the development process to handle the complexity of these large systems. The presentation will cover the various phases of the system development, starting from definition of requirements and general system architecture, driven on the one hand by high level science goals and on the other hand by technology readiness. Continuing with the conceptual design phases, and the selection of most suitable technology to meet not only the science requirements, but also the project constraints on cost and schedule, and operations goals on duty-cycle, reliability and longevity. We will cover the important steps of prototyping and testing necessary to demonstrate technology readiness and to inform the final design. Following up with phases of interface definitions in between sub-systems and with conventional facilities, and related system integration steps. We will describe the final design and engineering phases with respect to the subsequent steps of installation, testing, commissioning and operations.
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Mechatronics Approach for the Development of a Nano-Active-Stabilization-System
93
T. Dehaeze, J. Bonnefoy
ESRF, Grenoble, France
C.G.R.L. Collette
ULB, Bruxelles, Belgium
Funding:This research benefited from a FRIA grant from the French Community of Belgium. With the growing number of fourth generation light sources, there is an increased need of fast positioning end-stations with nanometric precision. Such systems are usually including dedicated control strategies, and many factors may limit their performances. In order to design such complex systems in a predictive way, a mechatronic design approach also known as "model based design", may be utilized. In this paper, we present how this mechatronic design approach was used for the development of a nano-hexapod for the ESRF ID31 beamline. The chosen design approach consists of using models of the mechatronic system (including sensors, actuators and control strategies) to predict its behavior. Based on this behavior and closed-loop simulations, the elements that are limiting the performances can be identified and re-designed accordingly. This allows to make adequate choices concerning the design of the nano-hexapod and the overall mechatronic architecture early in the project and save precious time and resources. Several test benches were used to validate the models and to gain confidence on the predictability of the final system’s performances. Measured nano-hexapod’s dynamics was shown to be in very good agreement with the models. Further tests should be done in order to confirm that the performances of the system match the predicted one. The presented development approach is foreseen to be applied more frequently to future mechatronic system design at the ESRF.
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Investigation of Thermal Instabilities in the ALBA Cooling System, Based on Numerical Simulations and Experimental Measurements
153
F. Hernández
ESEIAAT, Terrassa, Spain
E. Ayas, J.J. Casas, C. Colldelram, Ll. Fuentes, J. Iglesias, M. Quispe
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
This paper presents an investigation into the thermal instability problems that currently affect the ALBA Cooling System. During these periods of instabilities, which occur for a few hours every week of operation, there are deviations up to +1.5 °C, concerning the nominal temperature of 23 ± 0.2 °C in the four rings of ALBA: Service Area, Booster, Storage and Experimental Hall. This problem has a direct impact on the quality of the beam of the Accelerator. Previous studies have preliminarily concluded that the causes of this problem are due to (1) thermohydraulic anomalies in the operation of the external cogeneration plant, which supplies cold water to ALBA, and (2) cavitation problems in the pumping system (the water mass flow has been reduced to 67% of its nominal value to temporarily mitigate the cavitation). In order to confirm these hypotheses and propose solutions to the problem, an investigation has been developed making use of one-dimensional thermohydraulic simulations, performing Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) studies, statistical evaluations of data taken from our control system, and systematic flow measurements in critical areas, with ultrasonic flowmeters. As a result of this research, a set of solutions and recommendations are finally proposed to solve this problem.
Assessment of the Corrosion of Copper Components in the Water Cooling System of ALBA Synchrotron Light Source; Presentation of a Proposal to Mitigate the Corrosion Rate of Copper
171
M. Quispe, E. Ayas, J.J. Casas, C. Colldelram, Ll. Fuentes, J.C. Giraldo, J. Iglesias, M. Pont
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
J. Buxadera, M. Punset
Technical University of Catalonia, The Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering, Barcelona, Spain
This paper presents the most recent results on the corrosion of copper components in ALBA water cooling system. The studies have been carried out using a variety of techniques: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Representative samples of the Accelerator Facility were examined: Storage Ring Absorbers, Front End Masks, Radio Frequency Cavity Pipes, Experimental Line Mask, Radio Frequency Plant Pipes at Service Area and Booster Quadrupole. The studies show the presence of intergranular, pitting and generalized corrosion. The presence of copper oxide is confirmed, as well as other elements such as Aluminum, Carbon, Sulfur, Silver, Calcium, Silicon, Titanium and Iron in some regions of the samples. Likewise, other elements from circulating water such as Potassium and Chlorine have also been detected. The depth of pitting corrosion is less than 119.4 um for the samples studied, after 10 years of operation. To minimize the corrosion problem, an upgrade of the ALBA cooling system is under study. The objective is to reduce the current corrosion rate by a conservative factor of 5. This change is possible by modifying the characteristics of the cooling water, reducing the dissolved oxygen content to values below 10 ppb and increasing the pH above 7.5. Technical aspects of this upgrade are discussed in this paper.
