E. Al-Dmour, M.J. Grabski, K. Åhnberg
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
The 3 GeV electron storage ring of the MAX IV laboratory is the first storage-ring-based synchrotron radiation facility with small aperture and with the inner surface of almost all the vacuum chambers along its circumference coated with non-evaporable getter (NEG) thin film. This concept implies challenges during the whole project phase from design into operation. The fast conditioning of the vacuum system and over five years of reliable accelerator operation have demonstrated that the chosen design proved to be good and does not impose limits on the operation. A summary of the vacuum system design, production, installation and performance is presented.
A new IR beamline has been scheduled at TPS beam-line construction Phase III. The new beamline optical design is following the structure of the existed TLS IR beamline. However, the focusing mirrors has to be re-deign according to different situation. These KB type mirrors (HFM and VFM) are same thickness flat stain-less plates assembled with bending arms and bended with single motor each to fit quintic polynomial surface pro-files for focusing and also modifying arc source effect of bending section. For a same thickness plate in addition with the bending arms effect to form a desired polynomi-al surface profile, it demands specific width distribution. With the drawing method and FEM iteration simulation, the optimized surface polynomial equation and width distribution design of the mirror plates were defined. The detailed design sequences will be described in this paper.
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M. Saveri Silva, L.M. Kofukuda, S.A.L. Luiz, A.P.S. Sotero, H.C.N. Tolentino, L.M. Volpe, G.S. de Albuquerque
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
L. Martins dos Santos, J.H. Řežende
CNPEM, Campinas, SP, Brazil
Funding:Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MCTI) Beamlines of new 4th-generation machines present high-performance requirements in terms of preserving beam quality, in particular wavefront integrity and position stability at micro and nanoprobe stations. It brings about numerous efforts to cope with engineering challenges comprehending high thermal load, cooling strategy, crystal manufacturing, vibration sources, alignment and coupled motion control. This contribution presents the design and performance of a four-bounce silicon-crystal monochromator for the Sirius beamlines at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source (LNLS), which is basically composed of two channel-cut crystals mounted on two goniometers that counter-rotate synchronously. The mechanical design ascertained the demands for the nanoprobe and coherent scattering beamlines - namely, CARNAÚBA and CATERETÊ - focusing on solutions to minimize misalignments among the parts, to grant high stiffness and to ensure that the thermal performance would not impair beam characteristics. Hence, all parts were carefully simulated, machined, and measured before assembling. This work details mechanical, thermal, diagnostics, and dynamic aspects of the instruments, from the design phase to their installation and initial commissioning at the beamlines.
C.S.N.C. Bueno, F.A. Borges, G.R.B. Ferreira, R.R. Geraldes, L.M. Kofukuda, M.A.L. Moraes, G.B.Z.L. Moreno, D.V. Rocha e Silva, M.H.S. Silva, H.C.N. Tolentino, L.M. Volpe, V.B. Zilli, G.S. de Albuquerque
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
Funding:Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) CARNAÚBA (Coherent X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamline) is the longest beamline at Sirius Light Source at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), working in the energy range between 2.05 and 15 keV and hosting two stations: the sub-microprobe TARUMÃ, with coherent beam size varying from 550 to 120 nm; and the nanoprobe SAPOTI, with coherent beam size varying from 150 to 30 nm. Due to the long distances from the insertion device to the stations (136 and 143 m) and the extremely small beam sizes, the mechanical stability of all opto-mechanical systems along the facility is of paramount importance. In this work we present a comprehensive set of measurements of both floor stability and modal analyses for the main components, including: two side-bounce mirror systems; the four-crystal monochromator; the Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) focalizing optics; and the station bench and the sample stage at TARUMÃ. To complement the components analyses, we also present synchronized long-distance floor acceleration measurements that make it possible to evaluate the relative stability through different floor slabs: the accelerator slab, over which the insertion device and first mirror are installed; experimental hall slab, which accommodates the second mirror; and the slabs in satellite building, consisting of three inertial blocks lying over a common roller-compacted concrete foundation, the first with the monochromator and the remaining ones with an station each. In addition to assessing the stability across this beamline, this study benchmarks the in-house design of the recently-installed mirrors, monochromators and end-stations.
C. Eng, S. Hulbert, C. Mazzoli, B. Podobedov
BNL, Upton, New York, USA
D. Donetski, J. Liu
Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
Funding:U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science Contract No. DE-SC0012704. Achieving photon beam stability, a critical property of modern synchrotron beamlines, requires a means of high resolution, non-invasive photon beam position measurement. While such measurement techniques exist for hard x-ray beamlines, they have yet to be achieved for soft x-ray beamlines. A new soft X-ray beam position monitor (SXBPM) design based on GaAs detector arrays is being developed and will be installed in the first optical enclosure of the Coherent Soft X-ray Scattering (CSX) beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II). The SXBPM assembly contains four water-cooled blade assemblies, each of which will have a GaAs detector assembly mounted within it, that can be inserted into the outer edges of the CSX undulator beam with sub-micron accuracy and resolution. The primary challenges in design of the SXBPM include: 1) mechanical stability of the assembly, 2) management of the heat load from the undulator x-ray beam to protect GaAs detector assemblies from unwanted illumination, 3) assembly compactness to fit within the first optical enclosure (FOE) of the CSX beamline, and 4) accessibility for modifications. Balancing the unique design requirements of the SXBPM along with their associated constraints has resulted in the design of a non-invasive beam position monitor which will be installed in the CSX FOE as a prototype for testing and iterative improvement. The ultimate goal is development of a widely useful SXBPM instrument for soft X-ray beamlines at high brightness synchrotron storage ring facilities worldwide. The following work seeks to present an overview of the current design of the SXBPM and an analysis of the challenges encountered and the proposed solutions by which they will be addressed.
S.P. Antipov, E. Gomez
Euclid TechLabs, Solon, Ohio, USA
R. Celestre, T. Roth
ESRF, Grenoble, France
Funding:SBIR grant #DE-SC0013129 The next generation light sources will require x-ray optical components capable of handling large instantaneous and average power densities while tailoring the properties of the x-ray beams for a variety of scientific experiments. Diamond being radiation hard, low Z material with outstanding thermal properties is proposed for front pre-focusing optics applications. Euclid Techlabs had been developing x-ray refractive diamond lens to meet this need. Standard deviation of lens shape error figure gradually was decreased to sub-micron values. Post-ablation polishing procedure yields ~ 10nm surface roughness. In this paper we will report on recent developments towards beamline-ready lens including packaging and compound refractive lens stacking. Diamond lens fabrication is done by femtosecond laser micromachining. We had been using this technology for customization of other beamline components. Several application cases will be highlighted in this presentation: diamond anvils, x-ray flow cells and in-beam mirrors.
M.V. Fisher, A.A. Khan, J.J. Knopp
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility, operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. An electronic autocollimator is a valuable tool that can assist in the alignment of optical beamline components such as mirrors and monochromators. It is also a powerful tool for in situ diagnoses of the mechanical behavior of such components. This can include the repeatability of crystals, gratings, and mirrors as they are rotated; the parasitic errors of these same optical elements as they are rotated and/or translated; and the repeatability and parasitic errors as bendable mirrors are actuated. The autocollimator can even be used to establish a secondary reference if such components require servicing. This paper will provide examples of such alignments, diagnoses, and references that have been made with an autocollimator on existing and recently commissioned beam-lines at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). In addition, this paper will discuss how this experience influenced the specifications and subsequent designs of the new primary high-heat-load mirror systems (PHHLMS) that are currently under fabrication for six of the APS Up-grade (APS-U) feature beamlines. Each mirror was specified to provide in situ line-of-sight access for an autocollimator to either the center of the mirror’s optical surface or to a smaller polished surface centered on the backside of each mirror substrate. This line of sight will be used for initial alignment of the mirror and will be available for in situ diagnoses if required in the future.
T.J. Bender, O.A. Schmidt, W.F. Toter
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Argonne National Laboratory’s work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. A novel design for a weldable copper chromium zirconium (CuCrZr) mask has been developed for use in Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APSU) beamlines. In the past, welding has been avoided for CuCrZr; however, the approach this alternative utilizes promises to drastically reduce cost and lead time over traditional brazed CuCrZr and welded Glidcop mask designs. Multiple thermal analyses of the mask have predicted that it will meet required mechanical and thermal requirements suitable for high heat load applications. As of the writing of this paper, a prototype is being fabricated for installation and testing on the 28-ID Coherent High Energy X-ray (CHEX) beamline.
S.P. Kearney, S. Chen, B. Lai, J. Maser, T. Mooney, D. Shu
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The In Situ Nanoprobe (ISN, 19-ID) beamline will be a new best-in-class long beamline to be constructed as part of the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) project*,**. To achieve long working distance at high spatial resolution, the ISN instrument will be positioned 210 m downstream of the x-ray source, in a dedicated satellite building, currently under construction***. The ISN instrument will use a nano-focusing Kirkpatrick-Baez (K-B) mirror system, which will focus hard x-rays to a focal spot as small as 20 nm, with a large working distance of 61 mm. The large working distance provides space for various in situ sample cells for x-ray fluorescence tomography and ptychographic 3D imaging, allows the use of a separate, independent vacuum chambers for the optics and sample, and provides the flexibility to run experiments in vacuum or at ambient pressure. A consequence of the small spot size and large working distance is the requirement for high angular stability of the KB mirrors (5 nrad V-mirror and 16 nrad H-mirror) and high relative stability between focus spot and sample (4 nmRMS). Additional features include fly-scanning a maximum of a 2 kg sample plus in situ cell at 1 mm/s in vertical and/or horizontal directions over an area of 10 mm x 10 mm. Environmental capabilities will include heating and cooling, flow of fluids and applied fields, as required for electrochemistry and flow of gases at high temperature for catalysis. To achieve these features and precise requirements we have used precision engineering fundamentals to guide the design process. We will discuss in detail the current design of the instrument focusing on the precision engineering used to achieve the stability, metrology, and positioning requirements. * J. Maser, et al. Metal and Mat Trans A (2014) 45: 85. ** J. Maser, et al. Microsc. Microanal. 24 (Suppl 2), 2018. *** S. P. Kearney, et al. Synchrotron Radiat. News Volume 32 (5), 2019.
A. McElderry, B. Billett, J.A. Carter, O.K. Mulvany
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. The Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) storage ring arc consists of a diverse system of nar-row-aperture chambers in compact magnet assemblies with gaps often less than 1 mm. The vacuum system contains two stainless steel pumping crosses and two keyhole-shaped vacuum chambers, as well as eight non-evaporative getter (NEG) coated aluminum cham-bers and crosses per sector (40 total sectors). Each chamber contains a 22 mm diameter electron beam aperture and the keyhole components also feature a photon extraction antechamber. Each design balances functionality, manufacturability, and installation needs. The design process was aided by a flexible CAD skeleton model which allowed for easier adjustments. Synchrotron radiation heat loads applied to inline chamber photon absorbers and photon extraction beam envelopes were determined via a 3D ray tracing CAD model. The inline photon absorber and the key-hole shapes were optimized using iterative thermal-structural FEA. Focus was put on mesh quality to mod-el the <0.5 mm tall synchrotron radiation heat load absorbed across the length of the chamber to verify cooling parameters. The design process also required careful routing of the water system and vacuum pumps. The designs incorporate beam physics con-straints of the inline absorbers, cross-housed discrete absorbers, and pumping slots.
M. Ono, I. Yoshikawa, K. Yoshioka
University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
T. Kikuchi, K. Mase
KEK, Tsukuba, Japan
K. Mase
Sokendai, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
Y. Masuda, Y. Nakayama
Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
S. Ohno
Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan
K. Ozawa
TIT, Tokyo, Japan
Y. Sato
Yokohama National University, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Yokohama, Japan
Funding:This work was partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI (17K05067, 19K05280) and TIA-Kakehashi (TK19-035, TK20-026). The XPS measurements were performed under the Photon Factory proposal (2018S2-005). Although nonevaporable getter (NEG) pumps are widely used in synchrotron radiation facilities, pure metal Titanium (Ti) has not been used as a NEG because the activation temperature of a Ti thin film deposited by DC magnetron sputtering was reported to be 350-400 °C*. Recently Miyazawa et al. found that high-purity Ti deposited under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) followed by N2 introduction works as a NEG with an activation temperature of 185 °C**,***. Since the concentration of impurities such as O, C, and N in the Ti thin film prepared by this method is 0.05% or less, we named this as oxygen-free Ti. In this study, we evaluated the pumping properties of oxygen-free Ti thin films after high-purity N2 introduction by total and partial pressure measurements. A vacuum vessel with oxygen-free Ti deposited on the inner walls was found to pump H2, H2O, O2, CO and CO2 even after 30 cycles of high purity N2 introduction, air exposure, pumping, and baking at 185 °C. Furthermore, we analyzed the oxygen-free Ti thin films after high-purity N2 or air introduction by synchrotron radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results show that more TiN was formed when high-purity N2 was introduced after oxygen-free Ti deposition. High purity of the Ti thin film and TiN formation on the surface seem to be responsible for the reduced activation temperature as low as 185 °C. *C. Benvenuti et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 16, 148 (1998). **T. Miyazawa et al., Vac. Surf. Sci. 61, 227 (2018). ***KEK, patent pending, WO2018097325 (Nov. 28, 2017).
H.Y. He, L. Kang, L. Liu, R.H. Liu, X.J. Nie, A.X. Wang, L.Q. Zhao
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
The construction of the South Advanced Light Source Platform will be completed in 2021. Among them, the high-precision test hall requires that the effective value of the micro-vibration of the foundation be controlled within the vibration range of 25nm, which has already met the requirements of nanometer level. Research at dongguan machinery group, therefore, in view of the high precision testing hall, south of advanced light source is proposed to geological environment factors, carry out detailed geological survey measurement, focus on the advanced light source foundation vibration test, resistance to vibration and vibration characteristics research foundation and anti-vibration scheme research and the advanced light source is the key equipment vibration reduction technology research, through to the light source address of the proposed foundation vibration test, the vibration of foundation design, synchrotron radiation device key equipment comprehensive analysis and research of vibration reduction technology, formed a series of foundation vibration and key equipment solution, for the later construction of the southern light source to lay a solid foundation.
R.H. Liu, H.Y. He, Z.Y. Ke, L. Liu, X.J. Nie, C.J. Ning, A.X. Wang, Y.J. Yu, D.H. Zhu
IHEP CSNS, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
L. Kang, J.S. Zhang
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
G.Y. Wang
Institute of High Energy Physics, CAS, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
Funding:National Natural Science Foundation of China 11905231 With the development of high-energy synchrotron radiation light source with high energy, high brightness, low emittance and nano-scale light spot, accelerators and beamline stations have higher requirements for the stability of the system, and active vibration isolation technology has been paid more and more attention. It has become the key technology for the development of major scientific devices (such as high-energy synchrotron radiation light source, free electron laser, etc.) in the future. In this paper, an active vibration control system driven by piezoelectric ceramic actuator with strong adaptability is designed. NI Compact-RIO real-time control system and Fx-LMS adaptive filter control algorithm are used for the active vibration control system. The identification method of input and output channels and the active control module are simulated by MATLAB. And an active vibration control system based on a parallel 6-DOF platform was built for experimental verification. The experimental results show that the designed active vibration control system has a good control effect for low-frequency micro-vibration.
H. Liang, W.F. Sheng, H. Shi, Y.M. Yang, L.R. Zheng
IHEP, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Funding:This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No.11905243). The performance of monochromator is crucial to the performance of a beamline, especially for a 4th genera-tion synchrotron light source. To find out the perfor-mance of the monochromator prototype built for the HEPS project, it was tested at a wiggler beamline of BSRF with water cooling. The cooling of the crystals was measured by rocking curve broadening at different energy and cooling seems to be not enough due to indium foils. The repeatability in 1 hour was about 0.1 eV. The energy drift in 9 hours after the beam hit the beam-line was 0.4 eV at the Cu K edge. The short-term stability was tested with synchrotron beam under various cooling condition, and results between 4.4 nrad to around 400 nrad were observed. In conclusion, some performances are satisfying, but further improvements should be carried out in the future.
O. Utke
Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Muang District, Thailand
S. Chaichuay, S. Klinkhieo, S. Pongampai, K. Sittisard, S. Srichan
SLRI, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
The new Siam Photon Source II (SPS-II) storage ring is designed with a circumference of 327.502 m. It consists of 14 DTBA cell, where each cell requires 6 magnet girders. For the new storage ring of SPS II we developed a magnet girder system which uses wedgemounts for the precision alignment. The girder alignment uses a 3-2-1 alignment method and requires 3 wedgemounts to control Z direction, 2 wedgemounts to control Y-direction and 1 wedgemount for the X-direction. The magnet alignment is based on mechanical tolerances. Therefore, the girders top plate is prepared with precision surfaces with a flatness tolerance of 30 µm. During the development process of the girder system deformation and vibration FEA analysis were carried out and the results were used to improve the design regarding low deformation and high natural frequencies. In this paper FEA analysis results are presented as well as the design of the girder, pedestal and its wedgemount based alignment system.
B.J. McMahon, J.E. Auckett, M. Fenwick, R.B. Hogan, J.A. Kimpton, R. Lippi, S. Porsa
AS - ANSTO, Clayton, Australia
The ADS beamlines are the fifth and sixth beamlines being built within the Australian Synchrotron/ANSTO BRIGHT program The two beamlines (ADS-1 and ADS-2) will operate independently with the beam generated by a powerful super-conducting multipole wiggler (SCMPW). ADS-1 will have tunable collimating optics that will combine with a fixed exit double crystal Laue monochromator (DCLM) to provide white, pink and monochromatic beam (50-150 keV) to a large end-station located outside the main synchrotron building. ADS-1 will accommodate experiments using a variety of sample stages capable of positioning large and heavy samples (up to 300 kg). The second ADS beamline, ADS-2, will take a deflected beam from the main beam using a side-bounce monochromator (SBM) that produces three monochromatic energies from 45 keV - 90 keV. The SCMPW source for the beamline produces a beam of 45 kW at 4.5 T. The major optics of the beamline include a cryogenic SBM and a cryogenic DCLM, a transfocator and multilayer VFM. The high heat load on the front end and upstream monochromator represented key challenges for the beamline design. Innovative approaches to thermal management have been developed. The high radiation environment required additional safety protocols to be implemented for beamline operation. The primary beamline endstation utilises a large gantry robot to independently position up to 4 detectors in an envelope of up to 8x3x0.3 m with a positional repeatability of ± 0.01 mm. The large motion envelope gives users access to large Q-range and allows flexibility for users to utilise large bespoke sample environments. The ADS beamlines project encompasses design, procurement, build/installation and commissioning phases. The beamline will commence user operations in July 2023.
E. Ayas, J.J. Casas, C. Colldelram, Ll. Fuentes, J. Iglesias, M. Quispe
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
This paper presents an investigation into the thermal instability problems that currently affect the ALBA Cooling System. During these periods of instabilities, which occur for a few hours every week of operation, there are deviations up to +1.5 °C, concerning the nominal temperature of 23 ± 0.2 °C in the four rings of ALBA: Service Area, Booster, Storage and Experimental Hall. This problem has a direct impact on the quality of the beam of the Accelerator. Previous studies have preliminarily concluded that the causes of this problem are due to (1) thermohydraulic anomalies in the operation of the external cogeneration plant, which supplies cold water to ALBA, and (2) cavitation problems in the pumping system (the water mass flow has been reduced to 67% of its nominal value to temporarily mitigate the cavitation). In order to confirm these hypotheses and propose solutions to the problem, an investigation has been developed making use of one-dimensional thermohydraulic simulations, performing Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) studies, statistical evaluations of data taken from our control system, and systematic flow measurements in critical areas, with ultrasonic flowmeters. As a result of this research, a set of solutions and recommendations are finally proposed to solve this problem.
G. Olea, N. Huber, J. Zeeb
HUBER Diffraktiontechnik GmbH&Co.KG, Rimsting, Germany
A new research product aiming to work in a 3th generation synchrotron facility (PAL/PLS II) has been developed. Based on increased energy X-ray synchrotron radiation tool and well-known Kappa geometry device principle, the product is expected that will investigate atomic and molecular structures of materials at nanoscale level using several X-ray diffraction techniques. The Kappa diffractometer (K-Dm) machine is maintaining the common structural principle of its family, but working with an extreme precision and load, which is far of the competition. The main body is consisting from customized Kappa goniometer (KGm) device with vertical axis of rotation for high-precision sample (cryostat) manipulation, versatile detector arm (Da) for manipulating in horizontal plan different detectors (optics, slits, etc.) after X-ray beam is scattered and stable alignment base (Ab) for roughly adjusting the product around the X-ray beam. In addition, a XYZ cryo-carrier inside of the KGm is included for fine (submicron) sample adjustments. The kinematic, design and precision concepts applied, together with the obtained test results are all in detail presented.* * HUBER Diffraction and Positioning GmbH&Co.KG, https://www.xhuber.com/en/
D. Shu, J.W.J. Anton, L. Assoufid, S.J. Bean, D. Capatina, V. De Andrade, E.M. Dufresne, T. Graber, R. Harder, D. Haskel, K. Jasionowski, S.P. Kearney, A.A. Khan, B. Lai, W. Liu, J. Maser, S.T. Mashrafi, G.K. Mistri, S. Narayanan, C.A. Preissner, M. Ramanathan, L. Rebuffi, R. Reininger, O.A. Schmidt, X. Shi, J.Z. Tischler, K.J. Wakefield, D. Walko, J. Wang, X. Zhang
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Kirkpatrick and Baez (K-B) mirror-based nanofocusing optics* will be applied to many beamlines endstation instruments for the APS-Upgrade (APS-U) project. Precision nanopositioning stages with nanometer-scale linear positioning resolution and nanoradian-scale angular stability are needed as alignment apparatus for the K-B mirror hard X-ray nanofocusing optics. For instance, at the APS-U 19-ID In Situ Nanoprobe beamline endstation**, to maintain stability of a 20-nm focal spot on the sample, nanofocusing K-B mirror system with 5-nrad angular stability is required. Similar angular resolution and stability are also required for APS-U 9-ID CSSI***, APS-U 34-ID ATOMIC**** and other beamline endstation instruments. Modular nanopositioning flexure stages have been developed for the K-B mirror nanofocusing optics, which includes: linear vertical and horizontal flexure stages, tip-tilting flexure stages, and flexure mirror benders for bendable nanofocusing K-B mirrors, to overcome the performance limitations of precision ball-bearing-based or roller-bearing-based stage systems. The mechanical design and preliminary test results are described in this paper. * Kirkpartrick and Baez, JOSA. 1948; 38(9): 766-773. ** S. Kearney et al., this conference. *** J. Anton et al., this conference. **** C. Preissner et al., this conference.
A.V. Perna, H.O.C. Duarte, R.R. Geraldes, M.A.L. Moraes, M. Saveri Silva, M.S. Souza, G.S. de Albuquerque
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
Funding:Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) After successfully designing, installing, and commissioning two units of the High-Dynamic Double-Crystal Monochromator (HD-DCM) at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) - Sirius, two more units are now required. Since they demand only a smaller energy range (5 to 35 keV), the total gap stroke of the new instruments can be significantly reduced, creating an opportunity to adapt the existing design towards the so-called HD-DCM-Lite. Removing the large gap adjustment mechanism allows a reduction of the main inertia by a factor of 5, enabling the HD-DCM-Lite to deliver energy flyscans of hundreds of eV reaching 20 cycles per second while keeping fixed exit and the pitch stability in the range of 10 nrad RMS (1 Hz - 2.5 kHz). Hence, an unparallel bridge between slow step-scan DCMs and fast channel-cut monochromators is created. This work presents the in-house development of the HD-DCM-Lite, focusing on its mechanical design, discussions on the ultimate scanning constraints (rotary stage torque, voice-coil forces, interferometers and encoders readout speed limits and subdivisional errors), and thermal management.
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S.J. Bean, V. De Andrade, A. Deriy, K. Fezzaa, T. Graber, J. Matus, C.A. Preissner, D. Shu
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility, operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No.DE-AC02-06CH11357 A new nano-computed tomography projection microscope (n-CT) is being designed as part the Advanced Photon Source Upgrade (APS-U) beamline enhancement at sector 32-ID. The n-CT will take advantage of the APS-U source and provide new capabilities to the imaging program at 32-ID. A Kirkpatrick and Baez (KB) mirror-based nanofocusing optics [1,2] will be implemented in this design. To meet the n-CT imaging goals, it is the desire to have sub 10 nanometer vibrational and thermal drift stability over 10-minute measurement durations between the optic and the sample. In addition to the stability requirements, it is desired to have a variable length sample projection axis of up to 450 mm. Such stability and motion requirements are challenging to accomplish simultaneously due to performance limitations of traditional motion mechanics and present a significant engineering challenge. To overcome these limitations, the proposed n-CT design incorporates granite air bearing concepts initially used in the Velociprobe [3]. These types of granite stages have been incorporated into many designs at APS [4] and at other synchrotron facilities [5]. Utilizing the granite air bearing concept, in tandem with other design aspects in the instrument, the requirements become reachable. A novel multi-degree of freedom wedge configuration is also incorporated to overcome space limitations. The design of this instrument is described in this paper.
D.M. Just, C. Pradervand
PSI, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
The Swiss Light Source (SLS) at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) in Switzerland will undergo from 2021 to 2024 an upgrade named SLS 2.0 to increase brightness and coherence. This upgrade will have a significant impact on the existing front-ends. Due to the proven reliability and good concept, we plan a refurbishment strategy for all front-end (FE) components where possible. New source points for all beam-lines – resulting in shifts both lateral and tangential, newly developed insertion devices and bending magnets as well as spatial restrictions due to the multi bend achromat (MBA) design challenges this strategy. We demonstrate how we plan to deal with these challenges for the case of high heat load FEs. We will address how the acceptance of the FE was chosen due flux and power calculations of the insertion device and the design and thermal analysis of a novel primary aperture. The adaptions that will be made to the tungsten blade X-Ray beam positioning monitors (W-XBPM) and modifications on the photon shutter will be discussed. Furthermore, we will take a brief excursion on how we want to organize the refurbishment during the shutdown period of the upgrade.
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S. Venkatesan, L. Barnsley, A.J. Clulow, A.P. Mazonowicz, C.J. Roy
AS - ANSTO, Clayton, Australia
G. Conesa-Zamora, R. Grubb, H. Hamedi, B. Jensen, C.S. Kamma-Lorger, V.I. Samardzic-Boban
ANSTO, Menai, New South Wales, Australia
The Biological Small Angle X-Ray Scattering (BioSAXS) beamline is the third beamline designed, developed and soon to be installed as part of BRIGHT Program at the Australian Synchrotron. The BioSAXS beamline will allow highly radiation sensitive samples to be studied at high flux. The beamline will offer increased efficiency, and data quality, for all liquid phase scattering experiments, allowing measurement of new and novel samples, and experiments, that otherwise would not be possible. The BioSAXS beamline will accommodate a wide range of experiments by offering a q-range of ~ 0.001 - 4 Å-1 and an optical design optimized for high flux (~5x1014 ph/s) x-rays. At this flux rate, BioSAXS will offer users one of the highest flux beamlines in the world. To achieve this, the beamline will use a superconducting undulator insertion device, double multilayer monochromator, and vertical and horizontal bending mirrors, providing flexibility in optical configurations. The beamline will primarily collect data in a fully unfocussed mode. BioSAXS will also be able to achieve a fully focused and a vertically focussed beam. This subsequent variation in the beam position at sample is accommodated through fully automated motion in 5 axes at the in-vacuum detector stage and 4 axes in the sample table. The design of these components allows smooth transition in camera lengths and improved signal to noise ratio. This paper presents the various engineering challenges in this high flux design, including thermal management of critical components, design developments to accommodate the various operational modes and various stages of the Photon Delivery System and Experimental Station components. The paper aims to present details of design, FEA results and approaches taken to solve problems.
C. Muñoz Pequeño, J.M. Clement, P. Thevenau, P. Van Vaerenbergh
ESRF, Grenoble, France
This paper presents the design of a new linear fast shutter for topography and tomography. A prototype will be assembled and tested at the BM05 beamline at ESRF, and another unit will be installed in the future BEATS beamline at SESAME. The application of the shutter in X-ray diffraction topography allows performance of long exposure cycles of monochromatic beam on crystal samples while preventing irradiation of the detector during readout. It can be also used during sample alignment and acquisition of X-ray tomography scans. Particularly for white-beam tomography, which uses a very high photon flux, minimizing exposure is critical to protect the sample and detector from radiation damage. This highlights the importance of obtaining a short and uniform exposure time over the beam aperture. To fulfill this objective, a new shutter based on the synchronization of two tantalum blades driven by linear brushless DC motors is under development. This versatile design can be used with both monochromatic and white-beam, and it can achieve exposure times ranging from 50 ms to 60 s for a beam size of H 80 mm x V 20 mm. The linear motors allow for a much smoother operation, preventing vibration issues reported with the old shutter. In addition, the use of linear motors rather than solenoids allows an unlimited exposure time, where the previous version used solenoids that could overheat if kept open for too long. A test bench has been constructed for the characterization of the sequence produced by the linear motors, and exposure times of 50 ms with a maximum error of 1 ms have been measured. This article describes the main features of the shutter prototype and its associated motion control system, and the results of the measurements with the motor test bench are discussed as well.
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At the DESY-beamline P64* a new three-signal beam position monitor (BPM) was constructed and tested in 2020. The BPM is based on the working-principle of an Ionization Chamber with splitted electrodes and a 120°-symmetry. The chamber is filled with an inert gas, which is ionized in presence of a beam. The gas can be changed, and the absorption can be adjusted in dependency of the X-ray-energy. The 2D-position is calculated out of three signals by a multiple-linear regression, where the position can be obtained by using a coordinate-transformation, similar to the Park-transformation, which is well-known in the field of drive control. Calibration factors have been evaluated in detail by using linear optimization algorithms including weighted residuals. The calculation is an inverse problem, which can be solved either by Simplex-algorithm or by Moore-Penrose-Pseudoinverse. The different results have been compared. Moreover, in order to validate the feasibility, calibration factors have been compared in regard to different beam sizes. Non-linearities are shown for a grid of 3x3 mm. *W.A. Caliebe, V. Murzin, A. Kalinko, and M. Görlitz, AIP Conf. Proc. 2054, 060031 (2019).
J.M. Álvarez, C. Colldelram, N González, J. Juanhuix, J. Nicolás, I. Šics
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
XAIRA, the hard X-ray microfocus beamline at ALBA, includes three monochromatic fluorescence screens and one water cooled white beam monitor in its layout, mounting respectively YAG:Ce and polycrystalline CVD diamond as scintillator screens. All monitors share the same design scheme, with a re-entrant viewport for the visualization system that allows reducing the working distance, as required for high magnification imaging. The scintillator screen assembly is held by the same CF63 flange, making the whole system very compact and stable. The re-entrant flange is driven by a stepper motor actuated linear stage that positions or retracts the screen with respect to the beam path. To cope with high power density (18, 6 W/m2) on the white beam monitor 100 µm-thick diamond screen, an InGa-based cooling system has been developed. The general design of the new fluorescence screens, to be used also in other ALBA’s upcoming beamlines, with particular detail on the water-cooled white beam monitor, is described here.
A. Carballedo, J.J. Casas, C. Colldelram, G. Cuní, D. Heinis, J. Marcos, O. Matilla, J. Nicolás, A. Sánchez, N. Valls Vidal
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
N. Barrière, M.J. Collon, G. Vacanti
Cosine Measurement Systems, Warmond, The Netherlands
M. Bavdaz, I. Ferreira
ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
E. Handick, M. Krumrey, P. Mueller
PTB, Berlin, Germany
MINERVA is a new X-ray facility under construction at the ALBA synchrotron specially designed to support the development of the ATHENA (Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics) mission. The beamline design is originally based on the monochromatic pencil beam XPBF 2.0 from the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), at BESSY II already in use at this effect. MINERVA will host the necessary metrology equipment to integrate the stacks produced by the cosine company in a mirror module (MM) and characterize their optical performances. From the opto-mechanical point of view, the beamline is made up of three main subsystems. First of all, a water-cooled multilayer toroidal mirror based on a high precision mechanical goniometer, then a sample manipulator constituted by a combination of linear stages and in-vacuum hexapod and finally an X-ray detector which trajectory follows a cylinder of about 12 m radius away from the MM. MINERVA is funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation. MINERVA is today under construction and will be completed to operate in 2022.
A. Crisol, A. Carballedo, C. Colldelram, N González, J. Juanhuix, J. Nicolás, L.R.M. Ribó, C. Ruget
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
L.W.S. Adamson
ASCo, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
J.B. González Fernández
MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
E.R. Jane
FMB Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
During the ALBA design phase, the protein macromolecular protein crystallography beamline, XALOC, required several in-house developments. The major part of these designs was at the end station where the necessity of customization is always much higher. The most relevant of these instruments was the beam conditioning elements table [1]. This accurate stage, which supports the diffractometer as well, includes the four movements required to align the components to the nominal beam as well as position the diffractometer. This design compacts, especially the vertical and pitch movements, both in a single stage, with a couple of stages for all four excursions. The solution maximise the stiffness and preserves at the same time the resolution close to 0.1µm while being able to withstand a half tone of payload. Thanks this compactness and performances this design concept, the vertical and pitch combined stage, was not only applied at XALOC for its diffractometer and detector table, but it has been widely adapted at several ALBA beamlines: at NCD-SWEET [2] as a detector table, a beam conditioning elements table [3] and sample table, at MSPD beamline as the KB table, at NOTOS beamline as metrology table, and also at the new ESA MINERVA beamline [4] for their sample mirror modules positioning. Beamlines have not been the only beneficiaries of this design, also different kind of instrumentation like an hall probe measuring bench [5], and even a stitching platform for the ALBA optics laboratory [6]. Moreover, the concept has outreach ALBA and has been adopted also at other facilities worldwide, synchrotrons and also scientific instrumentation suppliers around Europe. This poster presents most of the applications of the skin concept and their variations and main measured performances.
C.Y. Chang, C.F. Chang, C.H. Chang, S.H. Chang, L.C. Chiang, R. Lee, B.Y. Liao, C.Y. Liu
NSRRC, Hsinchu, Taiwan
We developed a white beam position detector to be applied in beamlines with bending magnets. By 0.1 mm light-receiving opening, the beam is split and converted to a photocurrent intensity which can be used to detect the size and position of the beam is less than or equal to 50 mm, and to locate the positions of the beamline components. This is a stop-beam measurement method, so it cannot be used to monitor the beam in real time. The motorized stage of the detector has a range of motion up to ± 25 mm with position accuracy not more than 1 micrometer and vacuum capability not more than 5 × 10 -10 Torr, which is compatible with ultra-high vacuum environments. In addition, taking the thermal load 62.89 W of the TPS 02A beamline as an example, the thermal deformation of the analog detector opening lead to a result that the measured value will have a maximum of 2 micrometer from the center of the beam. Finally, and the whole system has been successfully applied in the TPS 02A beamline.all features are verified and the performance meets the requirements, Besides the positioning tasks of Mask and Slits1 was completed and the position change of the light source was detected.
R.R. Geraldes, C.S.N.C. Bueno, L.G. Capovilla, D. Galante, L.C. Guedes, L.M. Kofukuda, G.N. Kontogiorgos, F.R. Lena, S.A.L. Luiz, G.B.Z.L. Moreno, I.T. Neckel, C.A. Perez, A.C. Piccino Neto, A.C. Pinto, C. Sato, A.P.S. Sotero, V.C. Teixeira, H.C.N. Tolentino, W.H. Wilendorf, J.L. da Silva
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
Funding:Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) TARUMÃ is the sub-microprobe station of the CARNAÚBA (Coherent X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamline) beamline at Sirius Light Source at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). It has been designed to allow for simultaneous multi-analytical X-ray techniques, including diffraction, spectroscopy, fluorescence and luminescence and imaging, both in 2D and 3D. Covering the energy range from 2.05 to 15 keV, the fully-coherent monochromatic beam size varies from 550 to 120 nm after the achromatic KB (Kirkpatrick-Baez) focusing optics, granting a flux of up to 1e11ph/s/100mA at the probe for high-throughput experiments with flyscans. In addition to the multiple techniques available at TARUMÃ, the large working distance of 440 mm after the ultra-high vacuum (UHV) KB system allows for another key aspect of this station, namely, a broad range of decoupled and independent sample environments. Indeed, exchangeable modular setups outside vacuum allow for in situ, in operando, cryogenic and/or in vivo experiments, covering research areas in biology, chemistry, physics, geophysics, agriculture, environment and energy, to name a few. An extensive systemic approach, heavily based on precision engineering concepts and predictive design, has been adopted for first-time-right development, effectively achieving altogether: the alignment and stability requirements of the large KB mirrors with respect to the beam and to the sample*; and the nanometer-level positioning, flyscan, tomographic and setup modularity requirements of the samples. This work presents the overall station architecture, the key aspects of its main components, and the first commissioning results. * G.B.Z.L. Moreno et al. "Exactly constrained KB Mirrors for Sirius/LNLS Beamlines: Design and Commissioning of the TARUMÃ Station Nanofocusing Optics at the CARNAÚBA Beamline", presented at MEDSI’20, paper TUOB01, this conference.
S.J. Bean, P.N. Amann, M. Bartlein, Z. Cai, T. Graber, M. Holt, D. Shu
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
Funding:Used resources of the CNM and the APS, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility, operated for the DOE Office of Science by ANL under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. An enhancement design of an existing 26-ID nanoprobe [1] instrument (NPI) at APS is being completed as part of work for the APS-Upgrade (APS-U) project. As part of this enhancement design, a new vacuum chamber geometry configuration has been implemented that balances the desired simultaneous x-ray measurement methods with accessibility and serviceability of the nanoprobe. The main enabling feature on the vacuum chamber is a slanted mid-level vacuum sealing plane. The new chamber design geometrically optimizes the ability to perform simultaneous diffraction, fluorescence and optical or laser pump probe measurements on the sample. A large diffraction door geometry is strategically placed near the sample for ease of access. The newly designed chamber can be readily serviced by removal of the upper chamber section, on which most larger instrument assemblies or beamline attachments are not interfaced. The mechanical design intent and geometry of this chamber concept is described in this paper.
CFD Predictions of Water Flow Through Impellers of the ALBA Centrifugal Pumps and Their Aspiration Zone. An Investigation of Fluid Dynamics Effects on Cavitation Problems
J.J. Casas, C. Colldelram, M. Quispe
ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
Currently, the ALBA refrigeration system pumps present cavitation when operating at their nominal regime. To alleviate this phenomenon temporarily until a definitive solution was found, the water flow was reduced to 67% of its nominal value. As this flow exchanges heat with the cooling water produced in an external cogeneration plant, modifying the working point of the pumps resulted in a reduction of the Accelerator cooling capacity. However, even at such low flow conditions, the flow has an anomalous oscillatory behaviour in the distributor of the aspiration zone, implying that the cause may be in a bad dimensioning of the manifold. This paper presents a study of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) applied to the aspiration zones of the pumps, to investigate the effects of fluid dynamics on cavitation problems and understand what may be happening in the system. The need for such research arises from the urge to recover the accelerator cooling capacity and the constant pursuit for the improvement of the system. The geometries for this study include the general manifold in the aspiration zone and a simplified model of the pump impeller. The simulations have been carried out with the ANSYS-FLUENT software. Studies performed include considering the total water flow in nominal and under current operating conditions. In addition, the cases in which the flow is distributed through the manifold tubes in uniform and non-uniform ways have been treated separately. Pressure and velocity fields are analysed for various turbulence models. Finally, conclusions and recommendations to the problem are presented.
F.R. Lena, C.S.N.C. Bueno, F.H. Cardoso, J.C. Carvalho, M.M. Donatti, R.R. Geraldes, L.M. Kofukuda, L.S. Perissinotto, E. Piragibe, C. Sato, H.C.N. Tolentino, W.H. Wilendorf
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
Funding:Ministry of Science, Technology, and Innovation (MCTI) TARUMÃ is the sub-microprobe station of CAR-NAÚBA (Coherent X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamline) at Sirius at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). Covering the tender-to-hard energy range from 2.05 to 15 keV with achromatic fixed-shape optics, the fully coherent submicron focused beam can be used for multiple simultaneous advancedμand nanoscale X-ray techniques that include ptychography coherent diffraction imaging (ptycho-CDI), absorption spectroscopy (XAS), diffraction (XRD), fluorescence (XRF) and luminescence (XEOL). Among the broad range of materials of interest, studies of light elements present in soft tissues and other biological systems put TARUMÃ in a unique position in the Life and Environmental Sciences program at LNLS. Yet, to mitigate the detrimental effect of the high photon flux of the focused beam due to radiation damage, cryocooling may be required. Here we present the design and first results of a novel open-atmosphere cryogenic system for online sample conditioning down to 110 K. The high-stiffness and thermally-stable sample holder follows the predictive design approach based on precision engineering principles to preserve the nanometer-level positioning requirements, whereas a commercial nitrogen blower is used with a cold gas flow exhaustion system that has been developed in order to avoid unwanted cooling of surrounding parts and water condensation or icing.
P.S. Fernández
UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Funding:Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) CARNAÚBA (Coherent X-Ray Nanoprobe Beamline) is a state-of-the-art multi-technique beamline at the 4th-generation Sirius Light Source at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), with achromatic optics and fully-coherent X-ray beam in the energy range between 2.05 and 15 keV. At the TARUMÃ station, the in-vacuum KB focusing system has been designed with a large working distance of 440 mm, allowing for a broad range of independent sample environments to be developed in open atmosphere to benefit from the spot size between 550 to 120 nm with a flux in the order of 1e11 ph/s/100mA. Hence, together with a number of different detectors that can be simultaneously used, a wide variety of studies of organic and inorganic materials and systems are possible using cutting-edge X-ray-based techniques in theμand nanoscale, including coherent diffractive imaging (CDI), fluorescence (XRF), optical luminescence (XEOL), absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and diffraction (XRD). Even though samples over the centimeter range can be taken at Tarumã, the small beam and relatively low energies point towards optimized and reduced-size sample holders for in situ experiments. This work describes two related setups that have been developed in-house: a small-volume electrochemical cell with static fluid*; and another multifunctional environment that can be used both as a microfluidic device and as an electrochemistry cell that allows for fluid control over samples deposited on a working electrode. The mechanical design of the devices, as well as the architecture for the fluid and electrical supply systems, according to the precision engineering concepts required for nanopositioning performance, are described in details. *Vicente, Rafael A., et al., "Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging for In Situ Studies in Electrocatalysis," ACS nano (2021).
L.M. Volpe, J.C. Corsaletti, B.A. Francisco, R.R. Geraldes, M.S. Silva
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
Funding:Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) One of the challenges of fourth-generation synchrotron light sources as Sirius at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS) is the high power density that may affect the beamline optical elements by causing figure deformations that deteriorate the quality of the beam. Indeed, surface specifications for height errors of X-ray mirrors are often within a few nanometers. To deal with these thermal management challenges, thermo-mechanical designs based on cryogenic silicon have been developed, taking advantage of its high thermal conductance and low thermal expansion in temperatures of about 125 K. A liquid nitrogen (LN2) cryostat connected to the optics by copper braids has been used to handle moderate power loads, reducing costs when compared to closed-circuit LN2 cryocoolers and mechanically decoupling flow-induced vibrations from the optics. To guarantee the functionality of such systems, lumped mass thermal models were implemented together with auxiliary finite elements analyses. With the first systems in operation, it has been possible to compare and validate the developed models, and to carry out optimizations to improve them for future projects, by adjusting parameters such as emissivity, thermal contact resistance, and copper braid conductance. This work presents the updated models for CARNAÚBA and CATERETÊ beamlines as reference cases.
Funding:Work supported by the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Silicon crystals have been widely applied for x-ray monochromators. It is an anisotropic material with temperature dependent properties. Values of its thermal properties from cryogenic to high temperature are available in literature for expansion, conductivity, diffusivity, heat capacity, but neither elastic constants nor Young’s modulus. X-ray monochromators may be liquid-nitrogen cooled or water cooled. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is commonly used to predict thermal performance of monochromators. The elastic constants and Young’s modulus over cryogenic and high temperature are now collected and derived from literature, with the purpose of assisting in providing accurate FEA predictions.
C.A. Preissner, S.J. Bean, M. Erdmann
ANL, Lemont, Illinois, USA
M. Bergeret, J.R. Nasiatka
LBNL, Berkeley, California, USA
Funding:Advanced Photon Source, a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility, operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Engineers at the APS have developed a granite, air-bearing stage concept that provides many millimeters of motion range and nanometer-level vibrational stability. This technique was first conceptualized and used on the Velociprobe x-ray microscope. The success of that design spurred adaption of the approach to over 90 devices, including many new instruments at the APS and high performing instruments at other synchrotrons. This paper details the design concept, some performance measurements, and new developments allowing for a six-degree-of-freedom device.
G.R. Rovigatti de Oliveira, H. Geraissate, R. Junqueira Leão
LNLS, Campinas, Brazil
The new Brazilian Synchrotron Light Source had its first friendly users late in 2019. During 2020, the first experimental stations were aligned and had the first beam successfully at the sample. The reference network of points used for the storage ring alignment was connected to an external network located in the experimental hall. Following this step, it was possible to extend these references to the hutches environment, where the beamlines components are installed. During the alignment of the first beamlines, a sequence of common tasks was performed, from the bluelining of the hutches footprints, to the components fine alignment. The position and orientation deviation of the main components will be presented for the Manacá, Cateretê, Ema, and Carnaúba beamlines. Two specific measurement strategies used for aligning special components will also be presented: (1) an indirect fiducialization procedure developed for most of the mirrors and their mechanisms using a mix of coordinate measuring machine and articulated measuring arm measurements, and (2) a multi-station setup arranged for the alignment of a 30 meters long detector carriage, using a mix of laser tracker, physical artifacts, and a rotary laser alignment system used as a straightness reference.
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F. Yang, D. La Civita, H. Sinn, M. Vannoni
EuXFEL, Hamburg, Germany
The European XFEL GmbH, located in Hamburg area in Germany, is the X-ray free electron laser light source which has been in the operation since 2017. It is designed to provide users high intensity X-ray beam with 27000 pulses/s repetition rate in the photon energy range from 0.5 to 25 keV*. In the beam transport system, the optic components which have direct contact with the beam, e.g. mirror, absorber and beam shutter, etc., could get up to 10 kW heat load on a sub-mm spot in 0.6 ms. Therefore, the thermo-mechanical performance of these optic components is playing an important role in the safety operation of the facility, restricting the maximum allowed beam power delivered to each experiment station. In this contribution, using finite element simulation tools, a parametric study about coupled thermo-mechanical behavior of some general used materials, e.g. CVD diamond, B4C, silicon, etc. is presented. Based on the design of several devices which are already in operation at European XFEL**, an initial damage threshold for these materials is established, with respect to the corresponding beam parameters. Furthermore, the relevant analytical and numerical solutions are discussed and compared, taking the material and geometrical nonlinearities into account. These simulation results can be referred as design and operation benchmark for the optic elements in the beamlines. *Altarelli, M. et al., The XFEL Technical Design Report, 2006. **Tschentscher, Th. et al., Photon Beam Transport and Scientific Instruments at the European XFEL, Applied Sciences 7(6):592, 2017.
S. Andresen
Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Bremerhaven, Germany
N. Meyners, D. Thoden
DESY, Hamburg, Germany
Funding:Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), a research centre of the Helmholtz Association - Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research DESY (Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron) is currently expanding the PETRA III storage ring X-ray radiation source to a high-resolution 3D X-ray microscope providing all length scales from the atom to millimeters. This PETRA IV project involves an optimization of the girder magnet assemblies to reduce the impact of ambient vibrations on the particle beam. For this purpose, an innovative and biologically inspired girder structure has been developed. Beforehand, a large parametric study analyzed the impact of different loading and boundary conditions on the eigenfrequencies of a magnet-girder assembly. Subsequently, the girder design process was generated, which combined topology optimizations with biologically inspired structures (e.g., complex Voronoi combs, hierarchical structures, and smooth connections) and cross section optimizations using genetic algorithms to obtain a girder magnet assembly with high eigenfrequencies, a high stiffness, and reduced weight. The girder was successfully manufactured from gray cast iron and first vibration experiments have been conducted to validate the simulations.
